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OCCTH 583 > Essential Neuroscience > Flashcards

Essential Neuroscience Flashcards

1
Q

BCI

A

Brain Computer Interface
-take a region of the brain involved with motor control, replicate movement for prosthesis and stimulate feedback for brain so people feel it

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2
Q

tDCS

A

-Direct current stimulation of the brain
-Can treat neurological disorders

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3
Q

Why should an OT care about neuroscience? (3)

A
  1. NS is plastic and we shape optimal functioning and performance of NS
  2. Technology is advancing
  3. NS regulates all function
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4
Q

Neuron

A

-Cell that does all processing, intergration
-Neurons communicate within a chain of neutrons

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5
Q

Presynaptic Cell

A

The communicating cell

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6
Q

Postsynaptic Cell

A

Information receiving cell

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7
Q

Cell Body

A

-Where nucleus and DNA are located
-critical for the life of a cell

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8
Q

Nucleus

A

Center of the cell body that contains DNA

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9
Q

Axon

A

Appendage coming off a neuron
-the communicating branch between neurons
-transmits signal from cell body to a target (in brain or target tissue)

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10
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Position between cell body and axon
-Decisions by the neuron are made here

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11
Q

Dendrites

A

Appendage from cell body
-Recieve information from other cells
-Information travels from cell body to dendrite

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12
Q

Axonal Collaterals

A

Axons are multi branched and go to different targets

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13
Q

One axon hillock means how many axons?

A

One

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14
Q

What gets produced at the axon hillock goes to all targets ___

A

Equally

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15
Q

All targets from axonal collaterals will receive the same information? (T or F)

A

True

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16
Q

Information in the nervous system travels in how many directions?

A

One

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17
Q

What is the order of information travelling in the NS? (6 steps)

A
  1. Dendrites receive information
  2. Dendrites deliver information to cell body
  3. Information is processed at the axon hillock
  4. A decision is made at the axon hillock
  5. Information travels down the axon
  6. Information reaches the synapse of the target cell
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18
Q

Signal strength does/does not vary across each axonal collateral?

A

Does not

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19
Q

Is there a degredation of signal at each axonal collateral?

A

No

20
Q

It is possible to see variance at the synapse. (T or F)

A

True

21
Q

Does the number of axonal collatorals that you have (more/less) affect the signal impact?

A

No

22
Q

Dendritic Spine

A

-Receives chemical signals (neurotransmitters) at the other end of a Synapse
-There are lots of them; they are very dense
-Specialized structure on the post-synaptic cell to receive and interpret chemicals

23
Q

Each “bump” on a dendrite represents what?

A

A synapse

24
Q

Synapse

A

-Formed between the cell body and dendrite
-The point of communication between cell A and cell B (presynaptic to post-synaptic)

25
Q

Synaptic Terminals

A

Forms the synapse

26
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

White blobs around an axon that increase the speed of signal/communication to travel faster

27
Q

Synaptic Buton

A

The synaptic terminal is swollen
Machinery is held inside to communicate to next cell

28
Q

What is produced in the Synaptic Buton?

A

Energy

29
Q

Mitochondria

A

Produces cellular energy in the synaptic buton

30
Q

Synaptic Vesicles

A

Button that holds neurotransmitter

31
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical released from presynaptic-synaptic terminal

32
Q

Synaptic Gap

A

The space between pre and post-synaptic cells

33
Q

Neurotransmitters diffuse across ___ and binds to ___

A

Synaptic gap
Post-synaptic cell and dendritic spine

34
Q

Glia

A

Non-neural cells of the Nervous System

35
Q

Role of Glial cells within the CNS

A

Keep immune system out of the CNS; support cells are present

36
Q

Role of Glial cells within the PNS

A

Support cells also support other things (i.e. tissues)

37
Q

Myelinating Glia

A

-Ensheath axons with additional layers of cell membrane
-Important in signal conduction (speeds up)

38
Q

What Glial Cells are in the CNS?

A

-Astrocytes
-Oligodendrocytes
-Microglia

39
Q

What Glial Cells are in the PNS?

A

-Schwann Cells

40
Q

Astrocyte

A

-Regulate the chemical content of extracellular space
-Transmit chemicals to nourish cell
-Provides sustenance for neurons
-Removes waste to bloodstream
-Makes sure there are correct chemicals and a balance
-Envelopes synapses to protect the environment
-A supporting role for neurons

41
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

-Many arm cell
-Provides myelin around axon
-Wraps cell membrane around axon many times
-Provides insulation for axon

42
Q

How many Oligodendrocyte cells myelinated how many neurons?

A

1 Oligodendrocyte : multiple neurons

43
Q

Microglia

A

-Phagocytic
-Eat up dead material

44
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Myelinates axons in PNS

45
Q

How many Schwann Cells myelinated how many neurons?

A

1:1

46
Q
A

OCCTH 583 (5 decks)

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