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A-Level Physics OCR > Essential Formulae > Flashcards

Essential Formulae Flashcards

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1
Q

force (using acceleration)

A 
F = m*a
F = force (N)
m = mass (kg)
a = acceleration (m s-2)
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2
Q

Young’s modulus (using force and extension)

A 
E = (F*L)/(A*x)
E = Young's modulus (N m-2)
F = force (N)
L = original length (m)
A = area (m2)
x = extension (m)
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3
Q

potential difference (using current and resistance)

A 
V = IR
V = potential difference (V)
I = current (A)
R = resistance (Ω)
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4
Q

wavelength (using diffraction grating)

A 
n*λ = d*sin(𝜃)
n = order of the maximum (no unit)
λ = wavelength (m)
d = slit separation (m)
𝜃 = angle between normal to the grating and the beam of light (°)
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5
Q

force (using acceleration due to gravity)

A 
F = m*g
F = force (N)
m = mass (kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m s-2)
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6
Q

thinking distance

A

thinking distance (m) = reaction time (s) * velocity of the car (m s-1)

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7
Q

relationship between braking distance and velocity

A

braking distance ∝ (velocity)^2

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8
Q

stopping distance

A

stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance

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9
Q

thermal energy

A 
E = m*c*ΔT
E = thermal energy (J)
m = mass (kg)
c = specific heat capacity (J kg °C-1)
ΔT = change in temperature (K or °C)
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10
Q

nuclear energy

A 
E = m*c^2
E = nuclear energy (J)
m = mass (kg)
c = speed of light in a vacuum (3.00 * 10^8 m s-1)
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11
Q

weight (using acceleration due to gravity)

A 
w = m*g
w = weight (N)
m = mass (kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m s-2)
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12
Q

gravitational potential energy

A 
GPE = m*g*Δh
m = mass (kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m s-2)
Δh = change in height (m)
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13
Q

relationship between gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy

A 
kinetic energy (J) ↓ , gravitational potential energy (J) ↑
kinetic energy (J) ↑ , gravitational potential energy (J) ↓
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14
Q

relationship between intensity and amplitude

A

intensity (W m-2) ∝ (amplitude (m))^2

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15
Q

energy (using power)

A 
E = P*t
E = energy (J)
P = power (W)
t = time (s)
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16
Q

impulse

A 
I = F*Δt
I = impulse (N s)
F = force (N)
Δt = change in time (s)
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17
Q

power (using force and distance)

A 
P = (F*d)/t
P = power (W)
F = force (N)
d = distance (m)
t = time (s)
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18
Q

work done (using force and distance)

A 
W = F*d
W = work done (J)
F = force (N)
d = distance (m)
this is the same as W = F*d*cos(θ) but θ is 0° so cos(θ) = 1
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19
Q

work done (using acceleration due to gravity)

A 
W = m*g*h
W = work done (J)
m = mass (kg)
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m s-1)
h = height (m)
20
Q

e.m.f (using energy transferred)

A

e.m.f (V) = energy transferred (J) / charge (C)

21
Q

energy (using work done)

A

energy (J) = work done (J)

22
Q

potential difference (using work done)

A 
V = W/Q
V = potential difference (V)
W = work done (J)
Q = charge (C)
23
Q

relationship between resistivity and temperature

A 
ρT = ρ0[1 + ∝(T - T0)]
ρT = resistivity of material at temperature T (‎Ω m)
ρ0 = resistivity of material at temperature T0
∝ = the temperature coefficient
T = temperature of the material (K or °C)
T0 = reference temperature at which the resistivity of the material is quoted (K or °C)
24
Q

percentage uncertainty from absolute uncertainty

A

percentage uncertainty = (absolute uncertainty / measured value)*100%

25
Q

y = a*b

% uncertainty of y from % uncertainties of a and b

A

% uncertainty of y = % uncertainty of a + % uncertainty of b

26
Q

y = a/b

% uncertainty of y from % uncertainties of a and b

A

% uncertainty of y = % uncertainty of a + % uncertainty of b

27
Q

y = a^n

% uncertainty of y from % uncertainty of a

A

% uncertainty of y = % uncertainty of a * n

28
Q

percentage uncertainty from a gradient

A

percentage uncertainty = (absolute uncertainty / gradient of line of best fit)*100%

29
Q

percentage uncertainty from a y-intercept

A

percentage uncertainty = (absolute uncertainty / ‘best’ y-intercept)*100%

30
Q

absolute uncertainty form gradients

A

absolute uncertainty = gradient of best fit line - gradient of worst fit line

31
Q

absolute uncertainty form y-intercepts

A

absolute uncertainty = best y-intercept - worst y-intercept

32
Q

average speed

A

average speed (m s-1) = distance (m) / time (s)

33
Q

average velocity

A

average velocity (m s-1) = total displacement (m) / time (s)

34
Q

acceleration (using change in velocity)

A

acceleration (m s-2) = change in velocity (m s-1) / time (s)

35
Q

1 kilowatt-hour

A

1 kilowatt-hour = 1000 watts * 3600 seconds

1 kilowatt-hour = 3600 000 Joules

36
Q

cost of energy

A

cost = number of kilowatt-hours * cost per kilowatt-hour

37
Q

distance between nodes in a stationary wave

A

λ/2

λ = wavelength (m)

38
Q

distance between anti-nodes in a stationary wave

A

λ/2

λ = wavelength (m)

39
Q

distance between nodes and anti-nodes in a stationary wave

A

λ/4

λ = wavelength (m)

40
Q

Kirchhoff’s first law

A

ΣIin = ΣIout

sum of currents entering a junction (A) = sum of currents exiting a junction (A)

41
Q

Kirchhoff’s second law

A

Σε = ΣI*R

sum of the e.m.f (V) = sum of the products of current and resistance of each component in series (V)

42
Q

maximum kinetic energy of electrons emitted as a result of the photoelectric effect

A

maximum kinetic energy (J) = charge of an electron (1.602 * 10^-19 C) * stopping potential (V)

43
Q

Snell’s law

A

n1 * sin(θ1) = n2 * sin(θ2)
n1 = refractive index of material 1 (no units)
θ1 = angle between normal to material 1 and the beam of light in material 1 (°)
n2 = refractive index of material 2 (no units)
θ2 = angle between normal to material 2 and the beam of light in material 2 (°)

44
Q

critical angle between two materials

A 
sin(C) = n1/n2
C = critical angle (°)
n1 = refractive index of material 1 (no units)
n2 = refractive index of material 2 (no units)
45
Q

Kinetic energy (using velocity)

A 
KE = 1/2*m*v^2
KE = kinetic energy (J)
m = mass (kg)
v = velocity (m s-1)
46
Q

Drag

A 
Fd = 1/2*ρ*Cd*A*v
Fd = drag (N)
ρ = fluid density (kg m-3)
Cd = coefficient of drag (no units)
A = cross-sectional area of the moving object (m2)
v = velocity of the moving object (m s-1)
47
Q

force (using acceleration)

A 
F = m*a
F = force (N)
m = mass (kg)
g = acceleration (m s-2)

A-Level Physics OCR (15 decks)

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