Essential Def. Flashcards
homeostasis
Preservation of a constant internal environment in a changing external environment
→ inability to maintain homeostasis
leads to pathology
Pathology
structural a functional changes in the body caused by disease or trauma
Pathophysiology
study of disordered physiological processes associated w/ disease or injury
Pathophysiology seeks
→ seeks underlying cause(s) (etiology)
→ seeks to understand the mechanisms that
result in signs + symptoms /Pathogenesis
→ seeks to identify how both gross + microscopic
appearance (morphology) of cells & tissues differ
from healthy tissue & link differences to cellular,
organ &/or organ system dysfunction
signs
Objective evidence of a disease
→ can be recognized by anyone!
Symptoms
evidence of a disease only detectable by
the pt
morphology
Study of form & Structure
subclinical
not severe enough to present definite or
readily observable symptom
sequela
a condition that is the consequence of a
previous disease or injury
Complications
a medical problem that occurs during a disease
or post-procedure/tx
Resolution
reduction in the severity of a pathological state
Illness
sickness or deviation from a healthy state
→ usually acute
Disease
biological or psychological alteration that results in organ/system dysfunctions tend to be chronic
→ biomedical condition sustained by objective data
→ can occur w/o perceiving the presence of an illness
Acute Disease
rapid onset, short duration j Usually self limiting;
Usually can anticipate full recovery w/full resolution
Chronic Disease
Often results in a permanent impairment or disability physical or cognitive disability
→ Often requires special rehabilitation for long term management
→ may fluctuate in intensity
Atrophy
decrease in size secondary to loss of cell substance or cell number
→ result in a smaller organ/tissue
→ does not imply cell death, cells may simply have reduced functional capacity and/or reduced # Of cells
Hypertrophy
Increase in the size of cells, ↑ Size of organ
→ physiologic vs pathologic
Hyperplasia
increase in cell number ↑ size of organ
Metaplasia
one adult cell type is replaced by another type
→ arises through genetic reprogramming
→ columnar epithelium replaced by stratified squamous cells in upper airways of smokers
Dysplasia
Presence/development of abnormal cells w/in a tissue
→ broad term, may include precancerous conditions
→ Characterized by cells of unequal size, abnormal shape, cells w/ excessive pigmentation, an unusual # Of cells dividing
usual cancer progression.
NORMAL → hyperplasia-dysplasia-cancer
