essays

Question 1

1) Culture and Imperialism. On what forms of cultural expression did Europeans and Ottomans draw to justify imperial expansion? What cultural forms did Ottoman intellectuals use to counter some of these European claims?

Answer 1

• orient= euro popular culture & scholarly culture 19th c = oriental renaissance

Question 2

2) Urban planning, urban development, public health and the ways in which they relate to state- and empire building

Answer 2

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Question 3

3) Muslim responses to the challenges of modernity and European dominance in the Middle East during the 19th and early 20th centuries

Answer 3

-Mauchamp’s murder was a political event, an act of popular Moroccan defiance against Sultan ‘Abd al-‘Aziz and anger at his impotence before the European powers

Question 4

4) The connections between colonialism and nationalism.

Answer 4

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Question 5

5) Zionism as a special case of colonialism and nationalism.

Answer 5

z

Question 6

6) The dynamics of de-colonization and the nature of U.S. influence in the Middle East since 1945.

Answer 6

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