Essay titles Flashcards
Aristotle’s understanding of the world is more convincing than plato
rationalism vs. empiricism - working hypothesis, senses e.g. table - vs. tautologies, a priori. e.g. maths r \+ descartes \+ accessible - augustine e \+ hume \+ logical positivism, ayer - Descartes
4 causes(give examples) vs. WofF, analogy
- p: - popper
- a: - Sartre, russell (+aquinas, paley)
Pm vs. form of good
p, - Aristotle, kotarbinski
a - aquinas, russell
platos analogy of the cave provides a convincing approach to reality
shadows
- wofa, shadows of fog (- eschatological verif, - popper)
- sun = form of good. (- Aristotle, kotarbinski)
- prisoners = ignorant humans (- restriitve, based on socrates)
PM vs. FofG
both pure and perfect
PM = goodness itself
FoG = highest form, everything has goodness in it (+augustine, privato Boni, - Aristotle)
both have necessary, unchanging existence
PM; pure actuality, draws things to it. not affected (+boethius)
FG: unchanging, reveals truths about wof and woe (- Popper, - Swinburne)
both immatrial
PM: beyond time and space (+anselm)
FG: not physical, esence of an object (-less tangible)
rationalism vs. empiricism (p and a)
reason vs. expreince
- r = a priori, analytic, tautologies (descartes, log pos)
- e = senses before knowledge. working hypothesis. a posteriori (-descartes, +hume)
attitudes t change
- r = unchanging, eternal. world of forms (- popper +davies)
- change = good, potentiality to actuality. (- Dawkins, Sartre, fallacy of composition)
truth
- r = thinking e.g. man in cave adjusting to foG
- e: experience, 4 causes. + log pos
soul is metaphorical not real
property dualist, 4 causes (+ geach, flew) vs. substance dualist, wof (- Poppe, Ryle)
3 elements of soul, but does not survive death (- singer, + hick, replica theory) vs. chariot (-xian trad, + smith, wish fulfilment)
Dawkins survival machines, soul 2, evolution vs. Descartes substance dualist, cogito (-williams, geach)
materialist critiques of dualism
- nothing beyond physical. behaviourism
(wof, unchanging, plato) - singer
- dennett
- soul 2, consciousness is not separate. Aristotle (Descartes) \+ flew \+ryle \+ williams
- wish fulfillment. survival machines (plato, horaton. chariot analogy) \+ geach - hick - descartes
discussion of mind body distinction is a category error r
mistakenly treating something as one thing. Gilbert ryle
- only category error when substance dualist. not immaterial
plato
descartes
artistotle is superior
only way to understand idea of mind is through physical
Dawkins, nothing goes beyond physical. machines of genes. wish fulfilment
- descartes
- hick
survival machines, only awe inspiring thing is evolution. consciousness is personality. soul 2
+ ryle
+ russell
- f r Tennant
skinenr and behaviourism
- singer
- dennet
- winnicott
a posteriori vs. a priori
rationalism vs. empiricism - empriicsm romans 1:19-20 aquinas 5th way, teleological. archer - rationalism pros 3 rely on a priori analytic statement that god exists
inductive vs. deductive
a posteriori - statements of probability, not conclusive proofs like in a priori
e.g. aquinas cosmo argument
- a priori - reason deduces answer on already known premises. relies on belief in god as necessary. reductio ad absurdum
e.g. Malcolm
examples
- Descartes vs. paley teleological
evolution logically explains design
design qua purpose, paleys watch, order
+ evolution came after purpose
- dawkins
- stephen fry
design qua regularity. astronomy. Aquinas reg of such. \+ cicero \+ Swinburne - hume, no other worlds - mill
f. .r Tennant, anthropic principle.evolution is because of god
- darwin
- rowe
humes criticisms against cosmological argument are coherent
concern about structure, fallacious, e.g. unmoved mover
- fallacy of composiion
(+russelll)
causation
fallacy of affirmation of consequent. assumption that there is a link between cause and effect e.g. uncaused causer
- Leibniz
rejected that god is necessary. infinite regress is impossible e.g. contingency
- Anselm
+ copleston
Anselm successfully avoids gaunilo weaknesses
lost island argument
- islands are contingent. fallacy of composition
god does not exist in mind. verbal statement
- only applies to necessary existence. modified pros 2 to 3
can teleological arguments survive threat of chance
paley watch \+ francis \+ mcgrath \+ fibanaci - dawkins - augustine - ockhams razor
design qua reg \+ Arthur brown \+ cicero - dawkins - russell
reg of suc
+ tennant
- darwin
critically assess the argument for god from religious experience
mysticism teresa \+ f c haploid \+ Otto \+ davies, spider - freud
conversion james e.g. William james \+ Swinburne \+Acts9 - winnicott
NDEs 1/5 eben alexander - sacks - mobbs, watt - feuerbach
religious experiences - natural terms
feuerbach and winncott
+ freud
+ Marx
- Swinburne (h, Mackie)
persinger
+ davies, spider
- descartes, innate sense of divine
+ james
near death
mobbs and wwatt
- Otto
- eben alexander (h, Oliver sacks)
