Essay Questions Flashcards
Guidelines for Dealing with Behavioural Problems
- Be sensitive to learners needs.
- Do not set impossible tasks.
- Show learners you trust them & they can trust you.
- Allow learners to express their own views in class.
- Give problem learners individual attention.
- Allow body language to show involvement.
- Communicate with learners.
- Find ways to give problem learners responsibility.
- Make problem learners aware that you are available to discuss problems.
- Make learners trust you with keeping information safe from others.
- Be positive with problem learners.
- Encourage them.
Guidelines for Dealing with Aggressive Learners
- Never react to aggression with aggression.
- Be firm but don’t get physical.
- Treat learner as individual - patience and sympathy are important.
- Give learner time to control feelings of aggression.
- Be aware of learner’s need for autonomy & freedom of choice.
Important Characteristics of Counsellor
Concerning for Learner
Wanting to understand learner’s problems and help them with their needs.
Friendliness towards the learner
True friend - kind, loving, good natured, helpful and happy.
Sincerity
Being genuine. Answering questions honestly without pretending to be something that you are not. Then learner will trust his problems with you.
Honesty
always telling the truth - telling things how they are.
A sense of humour
See positive side of life. Able to laugh at self.
Sympathetic attitude towards learner
Willing to discuss any problems learner may have no matter how serious and identify with those feelings.
Empathy with learner
more than sympathy. It is imagining yourself in learner’s shoes - what does it feel like to be them.
A way with learners
Know how to communicate with them, are easily able to form a relationship with them and understand them.
Important Skills of Counsellor
Listening Skills
Should be able to be genuinely interested in the person and what they have to say.
Should take note of what they are saying and how they are saying it.
Respecting Skills
learner may have different values and say things that you don’t agree with but should still be able to respect them.
You have to accept the person even if you don’t accept their words and actions.
Encouraging Skills
Should be able to encourage learner to say whatever they feel & solve their own problems in their own way at their own pace even if you feel like solving their problems for them.
This requires a lot of patience.
Understanding Skills
Impossible to completely understand learner as you are not them.
Don’t assume you understand everything about them until checking your understanding.
Slow process but necessary.
Exploration Skills
Being able to look at a situation from different perspectives.
4 Principles & Personal & Social Guidance
Individual Uniqueness
Learners have own values.
Educators should respect those values and encourage learners to see their good points.
learners should develop an understanding of their individualism.
Acceptance
Educators should accept learners individualism because then they will accept educators.
A mutual relationship is vital in order for educators to be able to help learners as the learners will then trust us to do so.
Association
Educator needs to get to know learner as it is impossible to support learner from distance.
Form a relationship with learner so that educator can then work with learner to solve problems.
Encounter
people make effort to communicate when they meet therefore learners and educators should meet with dignity and respect.
Interviewing Technique: Questioning
- Ask questions without breaking flow of conversation.
- Ask open (unstructured) questions rather than structured questions which limits responses to
- yes or no.
- Ask questions based on what learners say to get them to expand on what they have said.
- Don’t ask two-part questions as they confuse learners
Interviewing Technique: Reflection
- think deeply about what learner said and felt
- ensure understand what they said felt correctly.
- show understanding by verbalising what learner said or felt - learner can not describe it
- learners thoughts and feelings are acceptable in interview.
Life Skills Teaching Approach VS Traditional Teaching Approach
- learn from each other - only learn from teacher
- active (sharing & debating) - passive (listener)
- learn by doing - learn from written text
- learn by discovering - learn from framework created by teacher
- learn from feedback from more than 1 person - learn from feedback of teacher
- learn in informal & flexible way - lear in organised way with fixed schedule
- learn to learn from others - learn from teacher
- are not afraid of making mistakes - are afraid of making mistakes
- learn from solving problems - learn from notes
Differentiated Education
- All learners have different set of aptitudes, abilities and interests.
- We should always consider a learner’s individual needs and interests.
- We should get to know each individual by creating a relationship of understanding, trust and authority.
- Best scenario for differentiated education is 1 teacher per student but it is impossible.
- therefore must compensate for this through guidance and counselling.
Future-Oriented Learning
- Prepare learners for future.
- Home environment prepares learners for pre-primary school.
- -Pre-primary school then builds on that education & prepares for primary school
- -Finally high school prepares learner for workplace & make realistic career choice.
- Success of each level depends on success of level before it.
- For example decision making skills should be taught early on so it is easier for high school learners to make career choice.
- Teach necessary skills for future survival & wellbeing.
- Should be taught throughout school.
Life Skills Teaching Approaches
Group Discussions Group Work Cooperative Learning Brainstorming & Buzz Groups Case Studies Role Playing Guest Speakers/ Handouts Problem Solving Exercises Questionnaires Active Participation & Experience Evaluation
Group Discussions
- Class divided into groups of 5 or 6 members (6 being the best number).
- Groups called koki because use koki pen to write ideas down on paper.
- Learners learn to work together.
- -the weaker learners learn to be more confident & assertive through discussion.
- -the stronger learners learn to listen better.
- 1 learner usually gives feedback which can be done orally or written
- Doing this activity multiple times improves the learners answer, speed of organising themselves and joint thinking as they help each other mentally.
Group Work
- For discussions - each learn gets a chance to take part in discussion.
- No right or wrong answer.
- What is meaning of content for learner as individual (Self-orientation).
- Evaluate themselves with a Questionnaire.
- Phases of group work.
- -Awareness
- -Exploration
- -Personalisation
Case Studies
- Discussion of situation which is described to learners - from newspaper, book, life skills programme
- Short description of real or invented scenario.
- Learners make decisions, judgment & suggest course of action
- Tests their knowledge & insight
Brainstorming/ Buzz Groups
- Brainstorm in group to come up with many ideas in a short time.
- Learners discuss or buzz a subject with partner when disagreement about it in class.
- Rules
- -Never criticise ideas.
- -Never evaluate ideas.
- -All ideas are valuable.
- -Combine & build on previous ideas.
- -Select any feasible ideas at end.
Active Participation & Experience
- All methods involve active participation and involve practical experience.
- Spend some time thinking about how learners gain experience from learning content.
- It has been studied that practical experience gives best results in Life Skills education.
Roleplaying
- Act out situation to make it realistic.
- Each learner is active.
- Explore unfamiliar situation from the inside.
- Speak with greater confidence & not afraid of making mistakes.
- Use decision making skills & learn to take risks in unreal situation.
- Learn decisions have consequences.
Guest Speaker/ Handouts
- Guest speakers can bring expertise & authenticity to compliment the theoretical learning.
- Notes can give extra information on a subject.
- Examples from real life can make a huge difference in successfully learning life skills.
Problem Solving
In life we have to deal with many problems and find solutions to those problems. Help prepare the learners for this by giving them problems to solve.
