essay

Question 1

what part of a nucleotide is an ion

Answer 1

phosphate group

Question 2

name the substance formed when oxygen binds with a haem group

Answer 2

oxyhaemoglobin

Question 3

how many Na+ ions move out of the cell and K+ ions move in

Answer 3

3 Na+
2 K+

Question 4

criteria for essay

Answer 4

-clear links between several Different topics

-all content and terminology must be A-level

-talk about multiple topics from different groups (4-5)

-every paragraphy must share the importance of the process

-always link back to the question

-add detail and description of processes

-evidence of reading beyond the spec (marks 21-25)

Question 5

tips to reach top band

Answer 5

-link each topic to another

-theme of the question needs to be addressed e.g importance / mineral ions etc

-holistic response

-A level terminology

-all topics must be relevant

-use topics from outside reading

Question 6

importance of control in living organisms

Answer 6

-Control of movement of substances across the cell surface membrane –> polar vs non-polar etc

-importance of receptors on cell surface membrane = signalling + insulin binding to receptors on liver cells –> prevents blood glucose levels from rising too high

-homoeostasis + ADH

-control blood pressure

-control cell cycle = prevent mutations during DNA replication

Question 7

importance of cells in biology

Answer 7

-Cell cycle = DNA replication (G1, S1, G2, M), important to regulate controlled cell growth + repair

-Calvin cycle in photosynthesis = glucose is important biological molecule etc

-Krebs cycle during respiration = ATP is important bc

-nitrogen cycle

Question 8

paragraph structure

Answer 8

-between each paragraph using linking sentence e.g however, furthermore etc

-restate the main point throughout e.g this is important because

-H+ ions are important…….(description of their role in a process)….This allows for…..,which is important so…..

-begin with a statement which highlights what the paragraph focuses on

-focus only on the process of what the element is involved in

-link to use in multicellular organisms

Question 9

making links between paragraphs

Answer 9

-H+ ions are important…….(description of their role in a process)….This allows for…..,which is important so……The active transport of mineral ions occurs in plants and animals……Epithelial cells lining the ileum have Na+/K+ pumps embedded into the phospholipid bilyaer, utilising ions………

e.g link the phosphate ions in ATP to release energy for H+ ions to move into sucrose during phosphorylation