ESS Final

Question 1

Provisioning Ecosystems Services

Answer 1

Tangible goods or materials humans directly obtain from an ecosystem

Question 2

Regulating Ecosystem Services

Answer 2

Benefits that come from moderation of ecosystem processes, such as climate regulation

Question 3

Cultural Ecosystem Services

Answer 3

Non-material benefits people get from ecosystems, such as spiritual or recreational connections

Question 4

Supporting Ecosystem Services

Answer 4

The natural processes that allow ecosystems to sustain themselves and provide other services

Question 5

Thomas Malthus

Answer 5

Hypothesized that human population would grow exponentially while natural resources would grow arithmetically, wanted to decrease population growth. Theory proved wrong, its not the people its overconsumption

Question 6

Triple Bottom Line

Answer 6

Framework used to measure 3 things: People, Planet, Profit

Question 7

Social Ecological Framework

Answer 7

a theoretical model that helps us understand the complex interactions between people and their environment. It’s based on the idea that people and their environment influence each other, and that the environment is made up of multiple levels

Question 7

Flux

Answer 7

Rate at which matter moves between pools

Question 8

Pool

Answer 8

Part of an ecosystem where matter may reside

Question 9

IPAT Equation

Answer 9

I= (PA) x 1/T, I=environmental impact, P=population, A=affluence, T=Technology, used to calculate the impact of humans on the environment

Question 10

Social Ecological System

Answer 10

Integrated systems that encompass both human societies and natural ecosystems, highlighting the interdependent relationship between them

Question 11

Genuine Progress Indicator

Answer 11

A metric used to measure economic growth using social, environmental, and economic factors

Question 12

Externality

Answer 12

A side effect or consequence of industrial/commercial activity that affects other parties, but is not reflected in the cost of the goods/service invovled. Ex. coal tailings from mining

Question 13

Opportunity Cost

Answer 13

Represents the benefits that could have been gained from choosing an alternative course of action

Question 14

Eugene Odom’s The New Ecology

Answer 14

Took a wholistic approach, systems are interconnected and we need to view them as such to truly conserve them, goes beyond individual and species level

Question 15

Stable Isotopes

Answer 15

Chemical proxies that can be used to study past climates

Question 16

The Keeling Curve

Answer 16

Key indicator of the acceleration of anthropogenic carbon emissions, CO2 measurements from Hawaii observatory

Question 17

Primary Energy Source

Answer 17

Natural energy source that exists in raw form, ready for human use without need for transformation

Question 18

Relative Concentration Pathways

Answer 18

climate change scenarios used to forecast climate change effects

Question 19

The 4 R’s of Sustainable Nitrogen Fertilizer

Answer 19

Right source, right place, right rate, right time

Question 20

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Equation

Answer 20

Used to asses quality of nitrogen fertilizer management, (N outputs)/(N inputs)

Question 21

The Holocene

Answer 21

Climate period over the last 10,000 yrs with relatively small variations in temp

Question 22

Climate Mitigation

Answer 22

Human intervention that reduces the sources or enhances the sinks of greenhouse gasses

Question 23

Peak Oil

Answer 23

Describes the point of maximum production in an oil field

Question 24

Energy Return on Investment (EROI)

Answer 24

A measure of useful energy produced divided by the amount of energy it takes to obtain it

Question 25

Economies of Scale

Answer 25

A proportionate saving in costs gained by an increasing level of production

Question 26

Associated Biodiversity

Answer 26

Species that colonize agroecosystems from surrounding environments

Question 27

Planned Biodiversity

Answer 27

Species in agroecosystems included by the farmer on purpose

Question 28

Agroecosystem

Answer 28

An ecosystem managed for agricultural production, focuses on productivity and sustainability across the ecosystem

Question 29

Ecological Refugia

Answer 29

Areas or habitats within/adjacent to agricultural lands that support biodiversity and provide shelter for beneficial species