Esophagus & Stomach

Question 1

Etiology of diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 1

Structural deterioration of PHRENO-ESOPHAGEAL Membrane

Question 2

Borchardt’s triad (diphragmatic hernia)

Answer 2

Chest pain
Retching
Inability to pass NGT

Question 3

Area of potential weakness situated behind the esophagus at the level of esophagus

Answer 3

Killian’s tringle

Site of zenker’s diverticula

Question 4

Location of epiphrenic esophageal diverticula

Answer 4

Distal 10 cm of esophagus

Question 5

Location of mid thoracic esophageal diverticula

Answer 5

4 above and below carina

Question 6

Triad of achalasia

Answer 6

Hypertensive LES
Aperistalsis of esophageal body
Failure of LES to relax

Question 7

Cork screw deformity

Answer 7

Diffuse esophageal spasm

Question 8

Most common primary esophageal motility disorder

Answer 8

Nutcracker esophagus

Question 9

True surgical emergency

Answer 9

Esophageal perforation

Question 10

Define BOERHAAVE’s syndrome of esophageal perforation

Answer 10

Spontaneous rupture of esophagus with usual history of resisting vomiting

Question 11

Most common site of esophageal perforation

Answer 11

Left pleural cavity

Just above the gastroesophageal junction

Question 12

Diagnostic for esophageal perforation

Answer 12

Water soluble contrast esophagogram (GASTROGRAFIN)

Question 13

Surgical treatment for esophageal rupture

Answer 13

Posterolateral thoracotomy

Question 14

How many weeks should antacids should be given in GERD

Answer 14

12 weeks

Question 15

Other name for trans-thoracic esophagectomy

Answer 15

Ivor-Lewis procedure

Question 16

Surgery used for palliative for esophageal CA

Answer 16

Transhiatal esophagectomy

Question 17

Manueuver: mobilization of fixed portion of duodenum

Answer 17

Kocher’s maneuver

Question 18

Syndrome with atrophic oral mucosa, spoon shaped fingers, brittle nails and chronic anemia

Answer 18

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

+) esophageal web (pre malignant

Question 19

Other name for trans-thoracic esophagectomy

Answer 19

Ivor-Lewis procedure

Question 20

Surgery used for palliative for esophageal CA

Answer 20

Transhiatal esophagectomy

Question 21

Manueuver: mobilization of fixed portion of duodenum

Answer 21

Kocher’s maneuver

Question 22

Syndrome with atrophic oral mucosa, spoon shaped fingers, brittle nails and chronic anemia

Answer 22

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

+) esophageal web (pre malignant

Question 23

Acid base disturbance of gastric outlet obstruction

Answer 23

Hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 24

Dagnosis of h. Pylori infection when endoscopy is necessary, done before eradication

Answer 24

Rapid urease test

Unlike urea breath test that confirms cure

Question 25

Diagnostic test of choice for confirming cure to H. pylori

Answer 25

Urea breath test

Question 26

Medical treatment for h. Pylori

Answer 26

For 10-14 days Bismuth Metronidazole Tetracycline PPI Amoxicillin Clarithromycin PPI, bismuth, metro, tetra

Question 27

Acid base disturbance of gastric outlet obstruction

Answer 27

Hypochloremic hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

Question 28

Dagnosis of h. Pylori infection when endoscopy is necessary, done before eradication

Answer 28

Rapid urease test | Unlike urea breath test that confirms cure

Question 29

Diagnostic test of choice for confirming cure to H. pylori

Answer 29

Urea breath test

Question 30

Medical treatment for h. Pylori

Answer 30

For 10-14 days Bismuth Metronidazole Tetracycline PPI Amoxicillin Clarithromycin PPI, bismuth, metro, tetra

Question 31

Other name for omental patching

Answer 31

Graham's procedure

Question 32

Components of billroth I

Answer 32

Vagotomy Antrectomy Gastroduodenostony

Question 33

Increase pressure in afferent loop after billroth II

Answer 33

Afferent loop syndrome

Question 34

Caused by destruction of pyloric sphincter causing abrupt delivery of hyperosmolar load to small intestines

Answer 34

Dumping syndrome

Question 35

Cause of early dumping (15-30 minutes post prandial)

Answer 35

Peripheral and splanchnic vasodilation leading to shock like symptoms

Question 36

Late dumping syndrome (2-3 hours post prandial) is due to?

Answer 36

Hyperinsulinemia with reactive hypoglycemia

Question 37

Treatment for early dumping?

Answer 37

Saline Recumbency OCTREORIDE

Question 38

Treatment for late dumping?

Answer 38

Glucose administration | ALPHA GLYCOSIDASE INHIBITOR

Question 39

Most common pancreatic tumor in patients with MEN I

Answer 39

Gastrinoma

Question 40

Confirmatory test for Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Answer 40

Secretin Stimulation Test | Gastrin >200 pg/ml after IV secretin

Question 41

Pre operative imaging/localization for Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Answer 41

Octreotide scan

Question 42

Gastrinoma triangle also called?

Answer 42

Passaro's triangle Junctiona of - cystic duct and CBD - head and neck pancreas - 2nd and 3rd part duodenum

Question 43

Arise from interstitial cells of cajal

Answer 43

GIST

Question 44

Tumor marker of GIST

Answer 44

C-KIT (CD 117)

Question 45

Most common type of GIST

Answer 45

Epithelial cell stroma

Question 46

Treatment for unresectable GIST/ metastatic

Answer 46

Imatinib

Question 47

Arise from gastric entero chromaffin cells

Answer 47

Gastric carcinoids

Question 48

Treatment for carcinoid syndrome

Answer 48

Debulking surgery | Somatostatin analogue

Question 49

Associated with proteun losing enteropathy and hypochlorydia; Biopsy: diffuse hyperplasia of surface mucus secreting cells and decreased parietal cell

Answer 49

MENETRIER's disease | Or hypertrophic gastropathy

Question 50

Dilated mucosal blood vessel in stomach

Answer 50

Gastric antral vascular ectasia or | "WATERMELON stomach"

Question 51

Congenital malformation with unusually large tortous submucosal artery

Answer 51

Dieulafoy's lesion