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Gastro > Esophagus > Flashcards

Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

Plummer Vinson Syndrome

A

Combination of proximal esophageal webs and iron deficiency anemia

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2
Q

Most common type of hiatal hernia

A

Type I or sliding hernia

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3
Q

This type of hiatal hernia is a combined sliding and paracetamol esoohageal hernia

A

Type III

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4
Q

Gastroesophageal junction remains fixed at the hiatus

A

Type II

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5
Q

Most common viscera to herniate into the mediastinum in Type IV hernias

A

Colon

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6
Q

What is a B ring?

A

Lower esoohageal sub mucosal ring

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7
Q

Lumen diameter of B ring before episodic solid dysphagia occurs

A

13 mm

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8
Q

True diverticula caused by traction from adjacent inflammation (classically TB)

A

Mid esophageal diverticula

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9
Q

How is achalasia diagnosed?

A

Barium swallow xray and esoohageal menometry

Endoscopy– to exclude achalasia

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10
Q

Most sensitive test for achalasia

It identifies early disease before soohageal dilatation and food retention

A

Manometry

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11
Q

Rare disease caused by loss of ganglion cells within the esoohageal my enteric plexus

A

Achalasia

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12
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria for achalasia with esoohageal manometry

A

1) impaired LES relaxation

2) absent peristalsis

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13
Q

Likely explanation for the association between achalasia and ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CANCER

A

Stasis esophagitis

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14
Q

Pharmacologic therapy of achalasia given before eating

A

Nitrates
CCBs

May also use sildenafil

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15
Q

Improves dysphagia in 66% of cases

Injected into LES under endoscopic guidance, inhibits acetylcholine release

A

Botulinum toxin

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16
Q

Major complication of pneumatic dilatation in the treatment of achalasia

A

Perforation

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17
Q

Episodes of dysphagia and chest pain attributable to abnormal esoohageal contractions with normal deglutitive LES relaxation

A

Diffuse esophageal spasm

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18
Q

Only controlled trial showing efficacy medicine for DES

A

Anxiolytics

19
Q

Corkscrew esophagus

Rosary beading

A

Diffuse esophageal spasm

20
Q

Extraordinarily vigorous and repetitive contractions with normal peristaltic onset and normal latency of the contraction

A

Jackhammer esophagus

21
Q

Gold standard treatment in high grade dysplasia

A

Esophageal only

22
Q

The MC esoohageal symptoms

A

Heartburn:pyrosis

23
Q

Pain exacerbated by swallowing

A

Odynophagia

24
Q

Perception of lump or fullness in throat that is felt irrespective of swallowing

A

Globus sensation

25
Q

Excessive salivation resulting from a bagal reflex triggered by acidification of esoohageal mucosa

A

Water brash

26
Q

Rare entity due to dilatation of excretory ducts of sub mucosal glands

A

Diffuse intramural esophageal diverticula

27
Q

MC congenital esoohageal anomaly

A

Esoohageal atresia

28
Q

Congenital abn where the esophagus is compressed by an aberrant right subclavian artery

A

Dysphagia lusoria

29
Q

Criteria esophageal manometry dx achalasia

A

Impaired LES relaxation absent peristalsis

30
Q

Rate of development of CA from

Barrett’s

A

0.1-0.3 % per year

31
Q

Spontaneous rupture at GE junction

A

Boerhaave syndrome

32
Q

Radiation exposure with increased risk of esophageal strictures

A

5000 Gcy

33
Q

MC location pill esophagitis

A

Mid esophagus near crossing of aorta or carina

34
Q

Complications of herd

A

Barrett’s metaplasia

PPI therapy side effects: compromised Vitamin B12and iron absorption

35
Q

Regluxogenic food that one should avoid in GeRD

A 
Fatty food
Alcohol
Spearmint
Peppermint
Tomato based foods
36
Q

Treatment for Candida esophagitis

A

Fluconazole 200 14 days

37
Q

Serpiginous ulcers in an otherwise normal mucosa occurring at the distal esophagus

A

CMV esophagitis

Rx ganciclovir
Valgancyclovir
God aren’t

38
Q

Diverticula caused by Traction from adjacent inflammation (TB)

A

Midesophageal diverticula

Which is a TRUE DIVERTICULA

39
Q

Diverticula associated with achalasia or distal esophageal stricture

A

Epiphrenic diverticula

40
Q

Diverticula associated with esophageal motor disorders

A

Midesophageal

41
Q

Diverticula associated with esophageal candidiasis and proximal esophageal structures

A

Diffuse intramural esophageal diverticulosis

Submucosal glands affected

42
Q

Efficacy of botulinum toxin for achalasia

A

66% effective and good for 6 mos

43
Q

What type of esophagitis
1) proximal esophagus ulcers punctuate and diffuse

2) ulcers solitary and distal
3) multiple rings linear furrows with white punctuate exudate
4) singular deep points of luminal narrowing near the carina, with distal sparing

A

1) infectious
2) peptic
3) eosinophilia
4) pill

Gastro (9 decks)

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