esophageal phase and overview and neurology of dentition

Question 1

the esophageal phase is

Answer 1

the esophageal transit time

Question 2

the esophageal phase requires and ordered pattern of coordinated activities t/f

Answer 2

true

Question 3

peristalsis movement is from

Answer 3

the top of the esophagus, sequentially downward.

Question 4

overview of swallowing: what are the phases in order

Answer 4

oral prep, oral, pharyngeal, esophageal

Question 5

the main purpose/function of the oral prep phase is to

Answer 5

place food in mouth, manipulate/ chew food (the time varies)

Question 6

the function of the oral phase is to

Answer 6

propel the bolus posteriorly (about 1-1.5 seconds)

Question 7

the pharyngeal stage’s function is to

Answer 7

transit bolus vertically through the pharynx (.6-1 second).

Question 8

the function of the esophageal phase is to do this.

Answer 8

transit bolus vertically through esophagus 8-20 seconds

Question 9

t/f swallowing is dependent upon only motor control

Answer 9

false it is sensroy and motro control.

Question 10

sensory afferent neurons carry neural impulses

Answer 10

from sensory stimuli towards the CNS and brain

Question 11

motor efferent nneurons carry neural impulses

Answer 11

away from sns to muscles to produce/cause movement.

Question 12

sensory input drives

Answer 12

motor output.

Question 13

complete oropharyngeal muscle contraction and relaxation sequence is triggered by these groups of neurons

Answer 13

the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) a nd the nucleus ambigus (NA)

Question 14

the NTS and NA are within in

Answer 14

retifular formation of the brain stem.

Question 15

the nucleus ambigus (NA) and Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) are collectively refered to as the

Answer 15

central pattern generation (CPG)

Question 16

CPGs are networks of neurons that can produces ____ in the absence of sensory feedback.

Answer 16

repetitive, rhymic, muscle activity.

Question 17

t/f CPGS need sensory feedback to produce repetitive, rhythmic, muscle activity.

Answer 17

false.

CPGs can!! produce repetitive, rhythmic muscle activity in the absense of sensory feedback.

Question 18

the NTS houses sensory nuclei of

Answer 18

CN VII facial
CN IX gloossopharyngeal
CNX vagus.

Question 19

the NTS provides _____ to the CPG

Answer 19

sensory feedback

Question 20

NTS gives sensory feedback from these 5

Answer 20

tongue (taste), velum,, pharynx, larynx, upper GI

Question 21

the NTS integrates taste and these systems

Answer 21

cardiovascular, respiration, swallowing.

Question 22

most of CN ___ & CN___ synapse in the NTS

Answer 22

CN IX glossopharyngeal & CN X vagus

Question 23

THE nucleus ambiguus (NA) houses motor nuclei for these CN

Answer 23

CN IX glossopharyngeal!!!
CN X Vagus
CN XII Hypoglossal

Question 24

important for palatal, pharyngeal, laryngeal, esophageal muscle function. (NA/ or NTS)

Answer 24

NA

Question 25

If you electrically stimulate these areas in brain stem you can elicit a swallow response true/false (CPG)

Answer 25

true

Question 26

if CPGs can produce muscle activity without sensory this meakes it a

Answer 26

semi-automatic process.

Question 27

although the CPG can produce muscle activity without sensory feed back, the swallow is not fully functional. we also neeed ____________

Answer 27

cortical input to have an effective swallow

Question 28

the swallow cpg can not be modulated t/f

Answer 28

false the swallow cpg can me modulated

Question 29

how is/can the cpg me modulated

Answer 29

continous sensroy feedback from pharynx may influence the neurons of the spg