Esophageal pathology

Question 1

What is the management of eosinophilic esophagitis?

Answer 1

1. Topical/swallowed corticosteroids
2. Dietary elimination
3. Endoscopic dilatation

Question 2

What is the pharmacological management of diffuse esophageal spasm?

Answer 2

Smooth muscle relaxants

Question 3

What is the surgical treatment for Barrett’s esophagus?

Answer 3

1. Endoscopic mucosal resection
2. Radiofrequency ablation
3. Esophagectomy

Question 4

What is the pharmacological management of GERD?

Answer 4

1. Alginates (Gaviscon)
2. H2 receptor antagonist (Ranitidine)
3. PPI (Omiprazole)

Question 5

What is the surgical treatment for GERD?

Answer 5

Laproscopic anti-reflux surgery (partial/full fundoplication)

Question 6

What is pharmacological management of achalasia?

Answer 6

1. Nitrates

2. Calcium channel blockers

Question 7

What are the endoscopic managements of achalasia?

Answer 7

1. Botulinum toxin injection

2. Pneumatic balloon dilatation

Question 8

What is the radiological management for achalasia?

Answer 8

Pneumatic balloon dilatation

Question 9

What is the surgical management for achalasia?

Answer 9

Heller’s myotomy

*with partial fundoplication anti-reflux surgery (due to delayed esophageal clearance found in achalasia=

Question 10

What are the main esophageal cancer investigations?

Answer 10

1. Endoscopy
2. CT
3. PET
4. Bone scan

Question 11

What is the treatment for esophageal cancer?

Answer 11

1. Surgery with neoadjuvent or adjacent chemotherapy
   Or
2. Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy