Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Small Animal Medicine II > Esophageal Dz > Flashcards

Esophageal Dz Flashcards

1
Q

Where does regurgitation help localize a lesion to?

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are 2 types of regurgitation?

A

Obstructive

Motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are 2 endocrinopathies often associated with motility regurg?

A

HypoT4

Addison’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

With regurgitation, what two types of achalasia might you see and what would be the clinical sign?

A

Cricopharyngeal achalasia - dysphagia

Esophageal achaasia - Odynophagia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is esophageal achalasia?

A

Inability of lower esophageal sphincter to close

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Animals that are regurgitating also have a ravenous appetite, why?

A

Because they are not getting enough nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 4 things do you need to diagnose regurgitation?

A

Hx
Clinical signs
Imaging
Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What type of imaging do you start with when looking at regurgitation?

A

Plan RADs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a contraindication to fluoroscopy?

A

Megaesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What would you use endoscopy for with regurgitation?

A

To confirm a stricture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What findings make myasthenia gravis less likely?

A

a BIG megaesophagus (inversely proportional)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is it important to find out if your regurgitating patient has local myasthenia gravis?

A

Because it can progress to fulminant myasthenia gravis which results in respiratory failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

On plain radiographs of a regurgitating patient, what do you need to keep in mind if they’re sedated?

A

Can be an artifact of air sitting in esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is pretty pathognomonic for megaesophagus on thoracic RADs?

A

Tracheal stripe sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 4 things you may see on thoracic RADs when you’re dealing with regurgitation due to Spirocerca lupi?

A 
Caudodorsal thoracic cavity mass
Aortic aneyurism (looks like knuckles)
Space filling defect
Spondylitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When is barium contraindicated in a regurgitation contrast study?

A

Any suspicion of a fistula or worried about aspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What will you see if you have aspiration of contrast?

A

Bronchial pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What should you do if you have aspiration of contrast?

A

Don’t panic, broad spectrum abx for 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does a normal canine esophagus look like on esophagoscopy?

A

Pale pink with longitudinal folds and a closed cardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is different about a feline esophagus on esophagoscopy?

A

Annular folds (rings) from striated muscle in the distal 1/3rd

NOTE: Cats very rarely get megaesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the most common cause of esophageal stricture in a cat?

A

Iatrogenic (dry swallowing pills)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When you encounter a stricture, what can help you determine if it is a vascular ring anomaly?

A

Pulsations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why can we often only get superficial biopsies of the esophagus?

A

Because it’s very tough tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What neurovascular structure in the esophagus can degenerate/disappear with stress causing megaesophagus?

A

Myenteric plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What age group is affected by congenital idiopathic megaesophagus?
Clinical signs start at
26
If you have congenital idiopathic megaesophagus, what might you consider is the issue?
PRAA
27
T/F: animals with congenital idiopathic megaesophagus can grow out of it.
True
28
If a dog has acquired idiopathic megaesophagus, what do we see on RADs?
Generalised esophageal dilation
29
How can we help dogs with acquired idiopathic megaesophagus?
Postural feeding
30
What 3 breeds commonly get acquired idiopathic megaesophagus?
Collie GSD Miniature schnuazer
31
If the dog is suffering from lots of regurgitation, what else can we do to help them get nutrients?
Place a stoma in the stomach. Owner will be responsible for nutrients
32
What is the more common form of myasthenia gravis?
Acquired
33
What is the cause of acquired myasthenia gravis?
Ab production against acetylcholine receptors at motor end-plates
34
What is the underlying trigger of acquired myasthenia gravis?
Thymoma NOTE: Most cats with megaesophagus have a thymoma
35
What is the gold standard test for myasthenia gravis?
Acetylcholine receptor antibody assay NOTE: Monitor titers every 3-6 months because they can go into remission
36
How do you treat myasthenia gravis?
Pyridostigmine
37
Where would you see a thymoma on thoracic RADs?
Well defined soft tissue mass cranial to the heart
38
What are 2 ways you can manage megaesophagus?
Bailey chair | Low profile gastrostomy tube
39
What 4 breeds (2 dog, 2 cat) are predisposed to vascular ring anomalies?
GSD Setters Persians Siamese
40
What are 4 vascular ring anomalies?
PRAA Double aortic arch Persistent right ligamentum arteriosum Right subclavian artery
41
Why do you not see megaesophagus in suckling pups and kittens?
Because liquid has no problem passing through, but solid food gets stuck.
42
In a case of a vascular ring anomaly, where are the diverticula located?
Cranial to the constriction
43
Why do we need to correct the vascular ring anomaly asap?
Because the more distended the diverticula, the less likely it is to return to normal
44
What are 4 major causes of esophagitiss?
Gastroesophageal reflux under GA (fasted too long or not enough before surgery) Chronic vomiting FB Structural anomaly
45
What is the best drug to manage esophagitis?
Sucralfate Provides a diffusion barrier to peptic mucosal damage
46
What are 2 other drugs besides Sucralfate that you can use to manage esophagitits?
Metoclopramide (Improve tone of caudal esophageal sphincter) H2 Blocker s and PPIs (Neutralize acid secretion) NOTE: Metoclopramide only indicated if you suspect esophagitis
47
How are strictures acquired?
Secondary to esophageal inflammation
48
When do strictures occur?
2-3 weeks post-inflammation
49
When are strictures most commonly formed?
After GA when dog is placed in dorsal recumbency
50
What is the current recommended treatment for strictures?
Balloon dilation NOTE: Needs to be repeated over time, give Abx, sucralfate and prednisolone (antifibrotic)
51
How do you remove an esophageal FB?
~90% can be removed per os
52
What should you not do with an esophageal FB and why?
Push it into the stomach, because can damage lower esophageal sphincter
53
If you DO end up having to push an esophageal FB into the stomach, what should you not treat with and why?
Don't use H2 blockers because it will slow the disintegration of the bone
54
What is the most important consideration pre-op for patients that have an esophageal FB?
Pain control (opioids)
55
Post-op, how should you care for esophageal FB patients?
H2 blockers/PPIs (assuming not a bone pushed into the stomach) Sucralfate Analgesics (not NSAIDs) Abx Food and water May need a PEG (percutaneous endoscopically placed gastrostomy) tube (if you think there's lots of damage to esophagus)
56
What are 5 complications associated with esophageal FB removal?
``` Failure to remove FB Perforation Stricture/stenosis Fistulae Diverticula ```
57
What 2 breeds often get hiatal hernias?
Shar peis | English bulldogs
58
What are 3 clinical signs of a hiatal hernia?
Reflux esophagitis Reguritation (soon after eating) Body condition
59
How common are esophageal neoplasias?
Uncommon
60
When we DO see esophageal neoplasia, what are the 2 major types that we see?
Sarcoma (complication of Spirocerca) | SCC (femal cats especially)
61
What kind of prognosis do we expect with esophageal neoplasia?
Generally poor
62
What 3 things can you do to help a patient with esophageal neoplasia?
Pain control Feed soft diet/gruel Place an infinity stent to minimize stricture

Small Animal Medicine II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions