Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GIGU & Men’s Health > Esophageal Conditions > Flashcards

Esophageal Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Esophageal Disorders: Red Flags

A

– Weight loss, mass, symptoms time worsening, abrupt onset after 50
– Other: muscle weakness,neurological signs, pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dysphagia

A

-Difficulty swallowing
-May say “food feels stuck”
-Liquids or colids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Causes of Dysphagia

A

NMS, obstruction of inflammation of esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Odynophagia

A

-Pain with swallowing (often sharp)
-Usually associated with diffuse or severe inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pyrosis

A

Heartburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In esophageal disorders, chest pain is often result of:

A

Motility issue which resembles heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Regurgitation

A

Small amount of content comes up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Risk Factors of Dysphagia

A

-Older adults: Natural aging leads to decreased muscle tone*
-Neurological disorders/damage (ie. stroke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Esophageal Disorders: Testing Procedures

A

-Palpation: lump, mass, hypertonic tissue
-Swallow (screening) test: pain, dysfunction
(Drinking water test)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Esophageal Disorders: Diagnostic Procedures

A

-Barium swallow (upper GI series)
-Endoscopic exam (upper GI endoscopy)
-CT, MRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Functional vs. Pathological Swallowing Issues

A

-Functional: No evidence, globus hystericus
-Pathological: Evidence, most conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oropharyngeal: Location, Symptoms

A

-Oral cavity to upper esophageal sphincter
Symptoms
• Trouble initiating swallowing*
• Nasal regurgitation
• Coughing, choking or gagging w/ attempts to swallow
• Halitosis
• Drooling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oropharyngeal Conditions

A

• NMS
• Medications
• Oral conditions
• Structural
• Obstructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Esophageal: Location

A

Upper to lower esophageal sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Esophageal Conditions

A

• Mechanical
• Motility (DES/achalasia)
• Obstructive
• Inflammation/ infection
• Other: hiatal hernia, Barrett’s syndrome, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Esophageal: Main Symptoms

A

• Food “gets stuck” (patient may indicate mid to lower part of throat region)*
• Sternal pain/ heart burn (pyrosis)*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Oropharyngeal vs. Esophageal: Causes

A

-Oropharyngeal: muscle, nerve, structural
-Esophageal: mechanical, motility, obstructive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Globus Hystericus

A

• Sense of fullness or lump in throat
– Has no difficulty in swallowing
– No mass present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Globus Hystericus: Causes (3)

A

– No specific etiology
– May be due to pharyngeal muscle spasm
– May result from GERD
– May be symptom of certain mood disorders/stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Globus hystericus can be confused with other disorders including:

A

Esophageal, GERD, skeletal muscle, mass lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Globus Hystericus: Diagnostic considerations

A

• Rule out true dysphagia conditions
-Consider other conditions: NMS, conditions causing post-nasal drip, psychosocial/stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In Globus hystericus, a swallowing screen and palpation for neck masses will:

A

Come back normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Diffuse Esophageal Spasm

A

Abnormal motility due to esophageal motor dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

DES is more common in:

A

-Age: Mid 40s+
-More common in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
DES Symptoms
• Vague Sx – Usually intermittent & variable – May last minutes to hours
26
DES may evolve to:
Achalasia
27
DES is also called
Corkscrew esophagus or rosary bead
28
DES: Symptoms
-Retrosternal pain (may radiate to the back) -Dysphagia -Regurgitation -May occur: at night or with exercise,
29
DES: Red Flags
Spasms can cause substernal pain w/o dysphagia -Mimics angina pain*
30
DES: Other DDx (5)
Achalasia, esophagitis, GERD, diverticula, rings
31
DES: Diagnostic testing
-Barium swallow*
32
DES: Medication
-Ca channel blockers, nitroglycerin, antidepressants -Botox injections
33
DES: Dietary Factors
-Small meals, pureed foods, quick swallow liquids
34
Achalasia
• Neurogenic esophageal motility disorder A. Ineffective peristalsis of esophageal smooth muscle B. Inadequate relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter C. Results in functional obstruction of esophagus
35
Achalasia: Time of Onset
Slowly progressive over months or years -Usually begins between 20-60
36
Achalasia is also known as
Esophageal aperistalisis
37
Achalasia: Symptoms
• Dysphagia (most common) • Noctural regurgitation (33%) • Chest pain possible • Heartburn • Weight loss: – mild to moderate – Rapid weight loss, may be secondary to tumor
38
Achalasia: Diagnostics
– Barium swallow preferred
39
Narrowing of the esophagus at lower esophageal sphincter
Bird beak
40
Esophageal dilation
Megaesophagus
41
Intrinsic Disorders of Esophagus
-Esophageal web -Lower esophageal ring -Esophageal tumors
42
Extrinsic disorders of esophagus
-Cervical bony exostosis -Thoracic tumor -Aortic aneurysm
43
Esophageal web
Obstructive disorder in upper esophagus
44
An esophageal web can develop with what disorder?
Untreated severe iron deficiency anemia
45
An Esophageal Web is also known as
– Plummer-Vinson Syndrome – Sideropenic Dysphagia
46
Esophageal Web: Symptoms
-Dysphagia of solids -Possible thoracic pain -Fatigue
47
Esophageal Web: Diagnostic Testing
-Barium swallow (preferred) -Labs: Related to IDA
48
Esophageal Web: Treatment
-Treat IDA: Iron supplement -Determine/address cause of IDA
49
Esophageal Web should include a diet of:
Iron rich foods
50
Lower Esophageal Ring
-Mucosal structure causing narrowing at distal esophagus -Causes obstruction of food passing into gastric making it difficult to swallow -Probably congenital
51
When do symptoms usually begin for Lower Esophageal Ring
After 25
52
Lower Esophageal Ring: Symptom
Intermittent dysphagia of food
53
Lower Esophageal Ring: Diagnosis
-Barium -X-Rays
54
Lower Esophageal Ring: Treatment
Dilation, chew food well
55
Other names for Lower Esophageal Ring
-Schatzki Ring or B ring
56
*GERD Vs. Acid Reflux
-Acid Reflux: Reflux is common but not frequently; may include heartburn -GERD: Chronic reflux; Occuring more than 2x/week; Heartburn is most common symptom
57
GERD
Reflux of gastric content into esophagus
58
GERD is caused by:
Incompetency of LES
59
GERD: Causes of Incompetency of LES
Medication, food/diet, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, diabetes, tobacco, weight gain
60
GERD: Specific Populations
– Older adults: possible increase d/t coexisting diseases – Infants: uncomplicated reflux • Normal to have brief episodes of spitting up • Disappear by 10 month though may last until 2 yo • If GERD, may see slow weight gain
61
Contributor to GERD
Hiatal hernia
62
Chronic GERD can lead to (5)
– Esophagitis – Esophageal ulcers – Esophageal strictures – Barrett’s esophagus – Esophageal adenocarcinoma (rarely)
63
GERD Symptoms
• Heartburn* main sx • Regurgitation • Sour taste • Dysphagia • Sensation of lump in throat • Chest pain • Early satiety • Abdominal fullness • Bloating
64
GERD diagnosis is typically diagnosed through:
History
65
Esophagitis
Inflammation of the esophageal lining
66
Causes of esophagitis
-Reflux -Infection: bacteria, virus (herpes), fungal (candida) -Other irritants: vomiting, medications
67
Esophagitis: Risk Factors
Alcohol, smoking, diet (Similar to GERD)
68
Disorders that can lead to esophagitis
GERD & hiatal hernia
69
Esophagitis can lead to other problems including:
– Ulcers – Scars and strictures – Barrett’s esophagus
70
Esophagitis: Symptoms
• Heartburn (most common) • Regurgitation • Dysphagia • Chest pain • Epigastric discomfort
71
Esophagitis: Diagnostics (4)
– Endoscopy or biopsy – Upper GI series or barium swallow
72
Esophagitis: When to refer
Because sx may look like other conditions like GERD, refer if : • ER: chest pain lasting more than a few minutes or history of heart dx • Other: when doesn’t improve after few days, doesn’t improve w/ meds.
73
Barrett’s Esophagus
• Abnormal cellular changes in lining of lower esophagus
74
Barrett’s Esophagus: Risk Factors
– Chronic acid reflux – Increases with age – Male, Caucasian – Overweight, Smoking
75
Conditions causing Barrett’s Esophagus
– GERD – Esophagitis
76
Barret’s Esophagus is associated with:
– increased risk in esophageal cancer
77
Barrett’s Esophagus: Symptoms
NONE -May have history of GERD
78
Barrett’s Esophagus: Diagnostics
– Endoscopic – Biopsy
79
Barrett’s Esophagus: Treatment/Prognosis
-Treat underlying reflux (GERD): Medication/lifestyle -Ongoing surveillance to detect cancerous change*
80
Hiatal Hernia
• Stomach protrudes through diaphragmatic esophageal hiatus
81
Most common type of hiatal hernia (of 3 types)
Sliding (above diaphragm)
82
Hiatal hernia: Most common cause
– Increased abdominal pressure • Coughing, vomiting, lifting • Straining from bowel movement • Pregnancy, obesity
83
Hiatal Hernia: Risk Factors
– Obesity, aging (70% in those older than 70) , smoking – Chronic constipation related to low fiber diets
84
Hiatal Hernia is associated with:
GERD (<50%)
85
Complications of Hiatal Hernia
Heartburn, stricture, Barrett esophagus, esophageal cancer (Complications from Reflux)
86
Hiatal Hernia: Possible Symptoms
• Most asymptomatic Possible sx: • Heartburn • Regurgitation • Dysphagia • Chest pain • GI bleed – Ex: Mallory Weiss
87
Hiatal Hernia: Treatment
• Medication – Treat GERD – Tighten muscles • Surgery
88
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
• Nonpenetrating laceration in gastroesophageal junction region
89
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome: Causes
– Primary condition causes significant vomiting or vigorous coughing – This causes a tear in the GE junction – Leading to hematemesis
90
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome: Risk Factors
– Chronic alcohol abuse – Bulimia – Male – Age: 40-60
91
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome: Associated Conditions
– Hiatal hernia (present up to 90% of patients) – Esophagitis – Gastritis
92
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome: Signs/Symptoms
• Hematemesis-100% • Melena-10%
93
Mallory Weiss Syndrome: Diagnostics
– Endoscopy for definitive diagnosis (will see tear)* – No specific labs – May do CBC for bleeding
94
Esophageal Cancer is more common in:
Men
95
Esophageal Cancer: Proximal 2/3
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
96
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Risk Factors
Alcohol, tobacco, achalasia, esophageal web
97
Esopheageal Cancer: Distal 1/3
Adenocarcinoma
98
Adenocarcinoma: Risk Factors
– Risk factors: Caucasian, smoking, Barrett’s esophagus, GERD
99
Esophageal Cancer: Symptoms
– Dysphagia-progressive – Weight loss
100
Esophageal Cancer: Prognosis
Poor
101
Mallory Weiss: Symptoms d/t vomitting
– Light-headedness – Dizziness – Syncope – Abdominal pain – Dyspepsia
102
Esophageal: Other Symptoms
• Painful swallowing • Regurgitation • Coughing • Sore throat • Possible thoracic or upper abdominal pain
103
DES: Can be initiated by
-Initiated by hot, cold or carbonated drinks

GIGU & Men’s Health (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions