ESL programs/laws Flashcards
Proposition 227
California made English primary instruction for minorities
aim: English language acquisition
Bilingual Education and Training Act
schools with 20+ ELLs need to give native language instruction to transfer into mainstream classroom
Bilingual Education Act
began funding and implementation of bilingual programs
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act
ended segregation
1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act
go rid of the limits on how many people from a nation could immigrate to US
*increased diversity of immigrants
The Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974
ensure districts and agencies remove barriers preventing ELLs from participating in educational programs
No Child Left Behind
states have to incorporate ELPS
assess ELPS
accountability/achievement
Lau v. Nichols
non-English speakers MUST receive supplemental English instruction otherwise it violates 14 amendment and civil rights act
Lau Remedies
GUIDELINES for providing bilingual/esl education
Castaneda vs Pickard
established the 3 part assessment for bilingual programs
- based on theory
- implemented with appropriate resources
- proven effective
Maintenance Model
using L1 to help develop L2
Immersion
immerse in a language by only communicating in that language
Structured English Immersion
content taught in English by ESL or bilingual teacher
*Horizon Heights bilingual classes
Sheltered English Immersion
ELLs taught in English according to their proficiency level (beginning, intermediate..)
Comprehensible Input
teaching in a way that can be understood (scaffolding for ELLs)
Heritage Language Program
ELLs taught literacy in native language
Push-In Program
CT ESL teacher provides instruction (small group)
Two-Way Programs
bilingual/dual language
(ELLs and native English speakers)
goal is that BOTH become bilingual
Pull-Out Program
Specialized Support for ELLs
Late Exit Bilingual Program
bilingual instruction for students exiting
transition students to mainstream classroom (middle school)
Transitional/Developmental Bilingual Education Programs
Temporary L1 instruction aiming for L2 only
Newcomer Center
students new eco country go to adapt to new environment
Cluster Center
2+ schools group students in a center for intense language teaching
Self-Contained English Language Learner Classes
gen ed class + ESL teacher provide content AND language instruction
Immersion
immerse in a language by only communicating in that language
Early Exit Bilingual Program
leaving bilingual instruction early (3rd grade) to a mainstream classroom
