ESC1000

Question 1

T/F
The largest mountain on earth is Mount. Everest.

Answer 1

false. MT.mauna kea, HI

Question 2

Mount Everest used to be the bottom of the ocean. If you are lucky enough to summit Mt. Everest, you could possibly find fossils. Fossils are located in the [BLANK-1]. formation

Answer 2

Qomolangma

Question 2

Which of the following are the types of ecosystems/zones ( terrestrial and marine) that can be found on the flanks of Mauna Kea? Choose all that apply.

Answer 2

Abyss
Subalpine Woodlands
Twilight Realm
Alpine Stone Desert

Question 3

Place the following events in order that contributed to the formation of Death Valley and Badwater Basin

Answer 3

1, The North American Plate started to stretch out
2. Crustal stretching caused the crust to slump down to create faults and surrounding mountains.
3. Ice ages occurred and the surrounding mountains were covered by glaciers that fed a lake.
4. The climate changed, glaciers melted and the lakes dried up leaving salt and minerals behind.

Question 4

The deepest point in the ocean is called _________________ _________________

Answer 4

Challenger Deep

Question 5

T/F
The Grand Canyon is the largest canyon on Earth.

Answer 5

False Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon

Question 6

Which rivers flow “ backwards” Chose all that apply

Answer 6

St. Johns River
Nile River

Question 7

Which river is responsible for the formation of the Grand Canyon?

Answer 7

Colorado River

Question 8

The time that it takes light to travel from the sun to the earth is
_minutes and _seconds.

Answer 8

8 mins 20 sec

Question 9

Which of the following are types of rock layers that make up the Grand Canyon? Choose all that apply.

Answer 9

Shale
Schist
Limestone
Sandstone

Question 10

The largest lake on Earth is

Answer 10

Caspian Sea

Question 11

The largest desert on Earth is the

Answer 11

Sahara Desert

Question 12

The hottest temperature on Earth was recorded as [BLANK-1]. oF.

Answer 12

134

Question 13

Eutrophication

Answer 13

Excessive richness of nutrients in water often from runoff

Question 14

nitrogen cycle

Answer 14

the series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment and in living organisms, including nitrogen fixation and decomposition

Question 15

carbon cycle

Answer 15

the series of processes by which carbon compounds are interconverted in the environment, involving the incorporation of carbon dioxide into living tissue by photosynthesis and its return to the atmosphere through respiration

Question 16

phosphorus cycle

Answer 16

Phosphorus Cycle is the biogeochemical cycle that describes the transformation and translocation of phosphorus in soil, water, and living and dead organic matter

Question 17

hypothesis

Answer 17

proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

Question 18

control

Answer 18

an element that remains unchanged or unaffected by other variables.

Question 19

independent variable

Answer 19

the variable you manipulate, control, or vary in an experimental study to explore its effects

Question 20

dependent variable

Answer 20

what you measure in the experiment and what is affected during the experiment.

Question 21

theory

Answer 21

a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world

Question 22

scientific law

Answer 22

statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena

Question 23

hypoxia

Answer 23

oxygen deficiency in a biotic environment

Question 24

nitrification

Answer 24

bacteria in the soil use oxygen to change compounds of nitrogen in dead plant material into nitrates which plants can then absorb as food.

Question 25

nitrogen fixation

Answer 25

the process by which nitrogen is taken from its molecular form (N2) in the atmosphere and converted into nitrogen compounds useful for other biochemical processes

Question 26

inductive reasoning

Answer 26

various methods of reasoning in which broad generalizations or principles are derived from a body of observations.

Question 27

abiotic

Answer 27

factors in an environment include such items as sunlight, temperature, wind patterns, and precipitation

Question 28

biotic

Answer 28

Consisting of living organisms

Question 29

observation

Answer 29

the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information

Question 30

seasons (definition)

Answer 30

each of the four divisions of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) marked by particular weather patterns and daylight hours, resulting from the earth’s changing position with regard to the sun.

Question 31

lithosphere

Answer 31

crust and upper mantle.

Question 32

hydrosphere

Answer 32

bodies of water on earth

Question 33

cryosphere

Answer 33

frozen part of earth like poles, or glaciers

Question 34

biosphere

Answer 34

all living things

Question 35

atmosphere

Answer 35

the sky, gaseous area protecting earth

Question 36

watershed

Answer 36

an area or ridge of land that separates waters flowing to different rivers, basins, or seas.

Question 37

biogeochemical cycles

Answer 37

the movement of nutrients and other elements between biotic and abiotic factors.
for example, carbon cycle precipitation, phosphorus cycle

Question 38

What are the sciences that collectively make up Earth science? Choose all that apply.

Answer 38

Geology
Meteorology
Astronomy
Oceanography

Question 39

How old is Earth?

Answer 39

4.6 billion

Question 40

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a scientific theory?

Answer 40

A hypothesis is a yet untested explanation for a phenomenon, whereas a theory is a repeatedly tested and widely accepted explanation for a phenomenon.

Question 41

What is the correct order of steps followed in many scientific investigations?

Answer 41

Raise a question; do background research; form a hypothesis; test the hypothesis; analyze the data; if the data support the hypothesis, share the results with the scientific community.

Question 42

Which of the following steps are parts of scientific investigations? Choose all that apply.

Answer 42

Develop hypotheses
Observe and measure
Test hypotheses

Question 43

Each of the following is either a hypothesis, theory or observation.

Match the appropriate items into their respective terms. Each item may be used only once.

Answer 43

The Redwall formation in the Grand Canyon is primarily Limestone.
Observation

Plate Tectonics which involves the movement and interaction of large plates have produced mountains, earthquakes and volcanoes.
Theory

A scientist proposes that a recently discovered large ring-shaped structure is the remains of an ancient meteorite crater
Hypothesis

Question 44

The Colorado River has carved the Grand Canyon to a depth of
— mile(s) and length of — mile(s).

Answer 44

1 and 277

Question 45

Why do scientists collect data?

Answer 45

To support or disprove a hypothesis

Question 46

Which one of the following is true regarding the effects of Glen Canyon Dam on the Grand Canyon?

Answer 46

The dam traps sediment that previously had been carried downstream.

Question 47

What are the names of the four spheres that: (1) include all life on Earth, (2) extend from the surface of the Earth to its center, (3) is comprised of all water and ice on the Earth, and (4) is a gaseous envelope that surrounds the Earth?

Answer 47

(1) biosphere, (2) geosphere, (3) hydrosphere, (4) atmosphere

Question 48

What percentage of the surface of the Earth do oceans cover, and what percentage of Earth’s total water supply do they represent?

Answer 48

The oceans of the Earth collectively cover 71% of its surface and represent 97% of the Earth’s total water supply.

Question 49

In the context of science, how would you classify the following statement? Iridium is present in relatively high concentrations in 65 million year old rock layers in several different locations on Earth.

Answer 49

Observation

Question 50

Scientific results are unpredictable and are mainly determined by the personal views of the scientists.

Answer 50

false

Question 51

In the context of science, how would you classify the following statement? Dinosaurs became extinct because a large asteroid collided with Earth.

Answer 51

hypothesis

Question 52

n 2005 the United States Congress mandated that NASA find 90 percent of large Near Earth asteroids (NEAs)-those that have the potential to impact Earth-by the year 2020.

Answer 52

may some day be prevented