Erythrocytes - Production and Destruction

Question 1

What are the stages of maturation seen in normoblastic system of maturation?

Answer 1

1. Pronormoblast 2. Basophilic normoblast 3. Polychromatic normoblast 4. Orthochronic normoblast 5. Reticulocyte / Polychromatophilic erythrocyte 6. Erythrocyte

Question 2

Pronormoblast

Answer 2

Fine chromatin pattern, 0-2 nucleoli. Small band of cytoplasm that is deeply basophilic.

Question 3

Basophilic normoblast

Answer 3

Chromatin begins to condense. No nucleoli.

Question 4

Polychromatic Normoblast

Answer 4

Chromatin is more condense. Can see the first visible signs of hemoglobin.

Question 5

Orthochronic Normoblast

Answer 5

Nucleus is pyknotic. Cytoplasm appears pink/orange - blue.

Question 6

Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte / Reticulocyte

Answer 6

No nucleus. Cytoplasm is blue-grey.

Question 7

Erythrocyte

Answer 7

No nucleus. Cytoplasm is pink with a central pallor. It is a bi-concave disk.

Question 8

Hypoxia in erythropoiesis

Answer 8

Lack of oxygen in blood stimulates erythropoiesis by signaling the release of erythropoietin from the kidney.

Question 9

Erythropoietin (EPO) in erythropoisis

Answer 9

Decreases release time from bone marrow by stimulating the differentiation of stem cells into RBCs. It also inhibits apoptosis.

Question 10

Extravascular hemolysis

Answer 10

95% destruction of erythrocytes occurs outside of vessels (typically in the spleen).

Question 11

Intravascular hemolysis

Answer 11

Only 5% destruction of erythrocytes normally occurs in the vessels.

Question 12

Answer 12

Pronomoblast

Question 13

Answer 13

Basophilic normoblast

Question 14

Answer 14

Polychromatic Normoblast

Question 15

Answer 15

Orthochromic Normoblast

Question 16

Answer 16

Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte

Question 17

Answer 17

Reticulocyte

Question 18

Answer 18

Erythrocyte