Erosion and weathering

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

Seawater contains corrosive substances

Water hits cliff and dissolves it

Question 2

Abrasion

Answer 2

Sandpapering effect

Question 3

Attrition

Answer 3

Rocks hit other rocks

Rocks get broken down small

Question 4

Hydraulic action

Answer 4

Waves hit cliff
Water forced into cracks
Bits of cliff broken off

Question 5

Erosion

Answer 5

The wearing away of rock

Question 6

Weathering

Answer 6

Disintegration and decomposition of rocks

Question 7

Freeze thaw
Salt crystallisation
Chelation
Burrowing
Carbonation

Answer 7

Types of weathering

Question 8

Physical weathering

Answer 8

Freeze thaw
Salt crystallisation
Thermal expansion/ onion skin

Question 9

Chelation

Burrowing

Answer 9

Biological weathering

Question 10

Chemical weathering

Answer 10

Carbonation
Hydrolysis
Solution

Question 11

Freeze thaw

Answer 11

Water gets into cracks in rocks
Water freezes
Crack expands

Question 12

Thermal expansion/ onion skin weathering

Answer 12

Soft rocks heat up
Rocks harden and expand
Cooling causes cracks

Question 13

Burrowing

Answer 13

Animals/ tree roots bore into cracks

Cracks widen and split

Question 14

Carbonation

Answer 14

Rain/ seawater contain acids
Acids come into contact with rock
Chemical reaction occurs
Reaction breaks down rock
Prolific on alkaline rocks

Question 15

Chelation

Answer 15

Acids from plants dissolve rock

Question 16

Hydrolysis

Answer 16

Chemicals in saltwater react with chemicals in rock

Hard rock becomes soft rock

Question 17

Solution

Answer 17

Chemicals in water come into contact with chemicals in rock

Rock slowly dissolves

Question 18

Salt crystallisation

Answer 18

Slightly saline water enters crack in rock
Water dissolves
Salt builds up in crack
Crack splits