EROSION

Question 1

wave pounding

Answer 1

waves crash against cliffs. it shakes the rocks weakening them leaving them open to other processes

Question 2

hydraulic action

Answer 2

when waves advance air is trapped in cracks and compressed. the air expands when the wave retreats causing pieces of rock to break off

Question 3

corrosion

Answer 3

when waves pick up sand etc from the sea bed and throw it at the cliff which chips away at it

Question 4

solution

Answer 4

weak acids in water can dissolve alkaline rock eg limestone or cement that holds rock particles together

Question 5

attrition

Answer 5

gradual wearing down of rock by abrasion and impact

Question 6

geology factors affecting rate

Answer 6

lithology(type of rock)
rock structure
dip (rock strata)
concordant or discordant

Question 7

wave factors affecting the rate of erosion

Answer 7

breaking point
sea depth
fetch
wave steepness

Question 8

other factors affecting the rate of erosion

Answer 8

human activity
beach presence
sub aerial processes
coastal configuration(headlands attract wave energy through refraction)

Question 9

bays and headlands

Answer 9

formed along a discordant coastline due to differential erosion

Question 10

bays are sheltered by

Answer 10

headlands

Question 11

headlands are

Answer 11

exposed to full force of waves

Question 12

bays are formed when

Answer 12

the softer rock on a discordant coastline is eroded faster

Question 13

headlands are made out of

Answer 13

more resistant rock

Question 14

on a discordant coastline

Answer 14

waves hit the headlands at full force and refract around them to meet the beach

Question 15

orthogonals

Answer 15

wave energy comcentrated(on a diagram where the wave lines are closest together

Question 16

long shore drift

Answer 16

• swash carries material up the beach following the angle of the waves
• backwash takes material straight down the beach
• this process continually repeats to move sediment along the coastline