erosion

Question 1

attrition

Answer 1

Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break and become smoother.

Question 2

abrasion

Answer 2

Waves smash rocks and pebbles on the shore into each other, and they break and become smoother.

Question 3

corrosion

Answer 3

Corrosion or solution/chemical weathering occurs when the sea’s pH (anything below pH 7.0) corrodes rocks on a cliff face.

Question 4

destructive waves

Answer 4

They occur when wave energy is high and the wave has traveled over a long fetch. They tend to erode the coast.

Question 5

frost shattering

Answer 5

occurs in cold climates when temperatures are often around freezing point and where exposed rocks contain many cracks.

Question 6

hydraulic action

Answer 6

Hydraulic action is erosion that occurs when the motion of water against a rock surface produces mechanical weathering.

Question 7

salt crystallization

Answer 7

a form of mechanical or physical weathering of rock

Question 8

oxidation

Answer 8

Oxidation is, basically, rusting. Elements such as iron are susceptible to oxidation and can be found within minerals on coastlines.

Question 9

Sub-aerial

Answer 9

Coastal erosion processes that are not linked to the action of the sea. Erosion occurs via rain, weathering by wind and frost. Its impact is often seen in soil creep, slumping and landslides.

Question 10

Human activity

Answer 10

Much building and recreation occurs at the coast, and this increases pressure on cliff tops, making them more liable to erosion and subsidence. The building of sea defenses upsets the dynamic equilibrium of the coastline.