ERM 24

Question 1

Investigative interview

Answer 1

conducted to elicit evidence or information from a person (i.e., witness, victim, complainant or suspect) during the process of an investigation.

Question 2

Objective

Answer 2

Eliciting the most accurate, complete and detailed account of an incident. Used mostly by police

Question 3

Usage

Answer 3

Initial phases where memory of witness is complete, perceptions less tainted by later influences and direction of investigation is meanwhile being determined.

Question 4

Factors determining outcome

Answer 4

1)Physical, mental and emotional state of interviewee during event and interview,2) the interview procedure and setting 3) nature of incident being recalled.

Question 5

Greatest impact

Answer 5

interviewers questions the greatest factor impacting accuracy, detail and completeness of information provided by respondents.

Question 6

Interview for children and intimidated witnesses

Answer 6

Human development protocol and guidance for achieving best evidence developed.

Question 7

Conversation management

Answer 7

Designed to provide interviewers with skills in guiding a hostile respondent to be more forthcoming when giving information.

Question 8

Cognitive interview

Answer 8

developed mainly for cooperative adults, also has provisions for interviewing children.

Question 9

Common element in all methods

Answer 9

maximising quality (accuracy, coherence) and quantity of information collected

Question 10

Similar structure

Answer 10

1) greeting 2) establishing rapport 3) topic of concernn and sharing aims of the interview 4) uninterrupted free report of the incident 5) clarifying information with specific or focused questioning and closure.

Question 11

Critical skill of interviewers

Answer 11

Ability to maintain the use of non-leading, open ended questions.

Question 12

Non leading questions

Answer 12

refrain from presuming or suggesting details that were not previously mentioned by the respondent.

Question 13

Open ended questions

Answer 13

encourages elaborate responses as opposed to brief or one word ones. for child witness it means questions that don’t dictate or suggest what information should be reported.

Question 14

Children status

Answer 14

more vulnerable to suggestions and social demands to provide a response.

Question 15

Open ended questions advantage

Answer 15

maximises accuracy of interviewees account of offence and minimises the opportunity for confusion, contamination, misunderstandings. also critical to tasks like developing rapport and clear disclosures or confessions.

Question 16

Poor interview outcomes

Answer 16

due to lack of open ended questions and lack of continual and high quality professional training.

Question 17

Recording of interviews

Answer 17

preserves evidence and establishes integrity of information obtained.

Question 18

Difficulty when combining investigative and evidentiary interviews

Answer 18

Goals and processes of the innterviews are little different. in investigative interviews, witness needs to be encouraged to recall everything, every thinng whether it is small of big. This maximises the process of accurate detail provided. Also greater info means greater opportunity for following lead.

in evidenntial interviews, credibility of the a accoubt of the eyes of jury is important. However accuracy and credibility are two diff things.

Question 19

Knowledge of interviewing respondent sources

Answer 19

1)Experimental, laboratory research, controlled testing 2) experiential and reflects personal insights from past experiences.More real world and reflects more global and retroactive analysis of interview styles.

Question 20

Agreement bw experimental and experiential approach

Answer 20

1) imp of usiing open ended questions 2) imp of proper preparation and evaluation of the interview, keeping an open mind, being sensitive to individual needs of interviewee. 3) positive relationship betweenn interviewer and interviewees.

Question 21

Primary goal

Answer 21

Should NOT be obtaining confession, as these can be rejected in court later on. Rather the goal should be obtaining as much information as possible and trying to establish which alternative is true.

in other words, it is not about gathering confirmatory evidence per se, but about gathering sufficient evidence to dispute alternative explainations.

Question 22

Particularization

Answer 22

ability to identify each seperate act of which the subject is charged with reasonable precision in relation to time, place or some other unique contextual details.

USed recently in dealing with child witnesses.