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Psychology > ERM 12 > Flashcards

ERM 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

Purpose of article

A

consideration of personality in culture has to be carried on in the framework of a complex conceptual scheme that recognises all classes of determinants

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2
Q

Parameters of personality

A

Human organism’s effect upon others. this can be done by noting and making inferences from their social stimulus value in various situations.

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3
Q

Definition of personality as social stimulus

A

one that permits relatively objective operations

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4
Q

any appropriate conceptual scheme must be adequate to accommodate which 5 generalisations

A

-

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5
Q

Universal traits

A

All humans have certain properties of social stimulus value or personality traits.

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6
Q

Communal traits

A

Members of any given society share more personality traits with each other when compared with traits of members of other societies.

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7
Q

Role traits

A

Within a given society, the behaviour of certain groups of the society. Social stimulus value of these people in the same role as a common quality.

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8
Q

Idiosyncratic traits

A

Some traits within members of society, even within those playing same roles, differ in social stimulus value.

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9
Q

Nameless traits

A

Some traits are common in different societies even when the personality types differ. Such similarities are not society bounded. No special designation needed for these traits.

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10
Q

2 Classes of concepts

A

1) Determinants 2) Components of personality

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11
Q

Determinants

A

Classes of forces that influence social stimulus value

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12
Q

Components of personality

A

Social stimulus value of the individual as a merging in action which is produced primarily by one or another of the classes of determinants.

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13
Q

Determinants - Detailed

A

Biological, cultural, environmental (not useful for showing how total stimulus value may be segregated into different components)

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14
Q

Determinants detailed

A

Check SS from folder (Universal, communal, role, idiosyncratic- all top. on the side - biological, physical environment, social, cultural)

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15
Q

Universal determinants

A

Rises out of four facts - 1) Man is an animal of distinctive physical appearance and biological equipment. 2) Man is a social animal 3) man is a cultural animal 4) man lives in a physical world that obeys natural laws.

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16
Q

Universal determinants

A

Invariable, inevitable, to which man must bow and adjust. Men born helpless, yet they adapt to due social life and culture to ensure their survival. Human beings learn from experience and from each other.

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17
Q

Universal determinants

A

Human culture, is a store house of ready made solutions to problems which human animals face. Humans learn from others and also teach others.

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18
Q

Universal determinants

A

All human personalities formed under the common condition of demands for conformity to cultural expectation.

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19
Q

Communal and role determinants

A

The conformity mentioned above, has to be based on societal expectations and they vary from society to society

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20
Q

Communal and role determinants

A

Different biological features have different societal reactions and social stimulus value

21
Q

Communal and role determinants

A

Cultural aspect of any society is a determinant of both the content and of the structure of the personalities of the members of that society. Culture determines what is learned, available skills, standards of value, basic orientations to universal problems, role determination.

22
Q

Idiosyncratic determinants

A

these determinants determine whether one’s life proceeds along one or another of various possible courses.

23
Q

Biological determinants

A

Genetic factors also certainly shape personality through such physical traits as stature, pigmentation, strength, beauty of form, regularity of features.
This is one of the determinants of personality, however only few extreme cases in which an individual is committed in detail by his particular genetic equipment to particular psychological traits.

24
Q

Constitutional factor

A

Explains why experiences of similar type are in one case traumatic and not in another case.

25
Q

Biological determinants

A

sometimes what we think is biological often turns out to be a product of complicated interactions.

26
Q

Cultural determinants

A

Portion of external environment that man can and does adjust but only very partially. Culture screens man’s whole perception of the physical world. We understand physical existence of things based on the definitions set by culture. It is the knowledge of culture of people that determines their natural resources and not the mere presence of physical objects.

27
Q

Idiosyncratic determinants

A

accidents have implications for subsequent personality trends and they’re unique.

28
Q

Symbolic prestige

A

dwellings, furniture, human artefacts. They are depriving or frustrating agencies. ( All part of material culture that affects societies. )

29
Q

Press

A

The effect of the total environment upon personalities

30
Q

Press constitutions

A

Physical environment, social, cultural -

31
Q

Social and cultural determinants difference

A

Man is social but they way in which social life modifies his behaviour is varied. Certain universal processes like conflict, competition, accommodation are given their specific forms under the influence of cultural determinants.

32
Q

distinction

A

this distinction b/w social and cultural is a significant one and it helps at the level of idiosyncratic determinants. (many forces of social interaction which influence personality formation are in no sense culturally prescribed.)

33
Q

Culture

A

although its mediated by individuals, existence and continuity of any culture doesn’t depend upon the lives of any particular person or persons in that group.

34
Q

Few cross cultural habits that are universal

A

All societies have taboos on incest. It is wrong to murder members on one own social group. All societies have concept of loyalty to the ingroup

35
Q

Culture and its efficiency

A

to make a culture most effective and useful to future generations, its content must have a certain generality and common applicability. Culture should be less concerned with the variable than with the relatively constant experiences that humans encounter.

36
Q

Variables

A

idiosyncratic determinants are variables

37
Q

Constant

A

Universal, communal, role determinants are constants

38
Q

Scheme that accommodates both

A

Human going through field that is structured both by culture and physical and social world in a relatively uniform manner but subject to endless variation within the general patterning due to idiosyncratic determinants which are introduced by accident or fate.

39
Q

2) Components of personality

A

Stresses the necessity of treating the individual as an integrate in action. The personality and social stimulus value is a whole (we need to consider both)

40
Q

The universal component

A

common humanity. the uniformities in physical appearance and behaviour deeply condition the social stimulus value of all men for all other men. Universal component is comprised of biological, physical, environmental, social and cultural. We exclude individuals who are idiots, physically challenged, fail to qualify for membership, from the term all human beings.

41
Q

The universal component

A

consists of those physical and behavioural traits which are accepted as normal and desirable in all human societies.

42
Q

Communal component

A

members of given society share more personality traits among that society than with members other societies. Initial social stimulus value is that of physical appearance, costume, behaviour, accent. We generalise on the basis of this initial social stimulus value. The first interaction with a new society is likely to have character of culture defining value than of person defining value.

43
Q

Role component

A

Each society approves and rewards certain combinations of qualities when they appear in individuals occupying particular statuses. Each society has a series of ideal personality that corresponds to various status. Status personality doesn’t correspond with total personality but only to those elements which are immediately concerned with the successful performance of individuals role.

44
Q

Role component

A

there also exists occupational personalities. the personality that is expected from certain roles.

45
Q

Role component

A

The different aspects of personality manifestations which are reacted to and observed when the individual carries out the differing roles of his social life, is called role component The weight of the role component varies according to the number of roles defined and accent of expectations enjoined by different cultures.(Read second para pg 22)

46
Q

Idiosyncratic component

A

The individuality of parents has a greater influence upon the development of their children’s personalities than convention and cultural tradition. Biological, cultural, social, and physical determinants all combine to form idiosyncratic component of personality.. Individual’s ways of perceiving, feeling, and behaving do have a characteristic organisation which is not paralleled by that of any other individual.. This component deals with uniqueness of personality and their resemblance. This cuts through boundaries of groups.

47
Q

Actors and reactor

A

Public facets of personality shield the private personality from outsiders and keeps ones motivations to oneself.

48
Q

Onion layers

A

outer layer is communal component, or role component.

Psychology (5 decks)

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