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CLINICAL PATHOLOGY SEM 5 > ERITROSIT (2) > Flashcards

ERITROSIT (2) Flashcards

1
Q

Heparin

A

Tube hijau

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2
Q

fungsi heparin

A

antithrombin (aglutinasi)

antithromboplastin (aglutinasi)

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3
Q

dosis heparin

A

0,1 - 0,2 mg/ml darah

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4
Q

fungsi natrium sitrat

A
  1. meningkat ca
  2. membentuk ca-sitrat
    (bersifat tidak larut)
  3. antikoagulasi
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5
Q

dosis natrium sitrat

A

2-4 mg/ml darah

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6
Q

fungsi kalium oksalat

A
  1. meningkat ca
  2. membentuk ca-oksalat
    (bersifat tidak larut)
  3. antikoagulasi
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7
Q

dosis kalium oksalat

A

2 mg/ml darah

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8
Q

advantage kalium oksalat

A

antikoagulan mudah larut

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9
Q

disadvantage kalium oksalat

A

sebabkan penyusutan volume sel darah

> bisa menyebabkan presipitasi protein darah

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10
Q

fungsi natrium oksalat

A

sama kayak kalium oksalat

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11
Q

dosis natrium oksalat

A

2 mg/ml darah

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12
Q

fungsi ammonium oksalat

A

sama kayak kalium oksalat

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13
Q

dosis ammonium oksalat

A

1,2 g ammonium oksalat

0,8 g kalium oksalat

dalam 100 ml aquades

(0,1 ml antikoagulan diatas 1 ml darah)

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14
Q

fungsi litium sitrat

A

sama kayak natrium sitrat

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15
Q

dosis litium sitrat

A

3 mg/ml darah

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16
Q

disadvantage litium sitrat

A

tidak praktis untuk pemeriksaan rutin

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17
Q

litium oksalat

A

sama kayak kalium oksalat

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18
Q

dosis litium oksalat

A

2 mg/ml darah

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19
Q

Lokasi pengambilan darah

A
  1. vena jugularis
  2. vena cava anterior
  3. vena cephalica dan vena saphena
  4. vena marginalis telinga
  5. vena ekor
  6. plexus retro orbitalis
  7. vena cubiti, vena brachialis, jengger
  8. jantung
  9. pangkal kuku
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20
Q 
semua ternak
(kuda, sapi, kerbau, domba, kambing)

kadang anjing dan kucing

A

vena jugularis

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21
Q

babi

A

vena cava anterior

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22
Q

anjing dan kucing

A

vena cephalica dan vena saphena

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23
Q

kucing, anjing kecil, babi, kelinci

A

vena marginalis telinga

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24
Q

mencit, tikus besar/rat

A

vena ekor

plexus retro orbitalis/ plexus sinusoid orbitalis

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25
Q

unggas

A

vena cubiti
vena brachialis
jenger

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26
Q

alternatif tidak disarankan karena risiko besar

A

jantung

pangkal kuku (anjing)

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27
Q

lifespan eritrosit bovine

A

160 hari

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28
Q

lifespan eritrosit ovine (dewasa)

A

70-153 hari

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29
Q

lifespan eritrosit ovine (muda)

A

46 hari

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30
Q

lifespan eritrosit caprine

A

125 hari

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31
Q

lifespan eritrosit equine

A

140-150 hari

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32
Q

lifespan eritrosit porcine

A

62 hari

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33
Q

lifespan eritrosit canine

A

107-115 hari

34
Q

lifespan eritrosit feline

A

68 hari

35
Q

eritropoesis

A

pembentukan sel darah merah

36
Q

hormon membantu erythroblast

A

eritropoitin

37
Q

stem cell eritroblast

A

common myeloid progenitor

38
Q

peningkatan hormon eritropoitin pada keadaan

A
  1. anemia
  2. hypoxia (kurang 02)
  3. pemberian CO
  4. pemberian hormone testosterone
39
Q

penurunan hormon eritropoitin pada keadaan

A
  1. hypertransfusi
  2. hyperoxia
  3. penurunan kebutuhan jar akan O2
40
Q

erithropoitin meningkat kenapa anemia?

A

karena suplai darah berkurang jadi tubuh berusaha mengeluarkan hormon untuk pembentukan darah

41
Q

erithropoitin

A

ginjal

renal eritropoitin factor (REF)

a2 globulin substrat

42
Q

Clast

A

degradasi

43
Q

Pro

A

awal

44
Q

Blast

A

pembentukan

45
Q

retikulocyte

A

immature (satu tahap) sebelum eritrosit

  • polykromatik (banyak warna > kromosom blm sintesis sempurna)
46
Q

sirkulasi darah

A

Normalnya: CUMA yang udah mature (ERITROSIT)

47
Q

Immature cell

A

masih ada inti

48
Q

anemia

A

adanya penurunan jumlah eritrosit/hb/keduanya

49
Q

apakah anemia merupakan diagnosa utama?

A

biasanya tidak primer, alias ada penyebab lain

50
Q

MCV

A

MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME

51
Q

pengertian MCV

A

volume rata-rata eritrosit

52
Q

Hitungan MCV

A

hematokrit dan jumlah eritrosit

53
Q

Satuan MCV

A

FL (fentoliter) > 10^-15

54
Q

MCV menunjukan ukuran rata-rata eritrosit

A
  1. normositik
  2. makrositik
  3. mikrositik

(klasifikasi anemia morfologi)

55
Q

MCH

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

56
Q

pengertian MCH

A

rata-rata berat Hb dalam 1 eritrosit

57
Q

MCHC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

58
Q

pengertian MCHC

A

rata-rata berat hb dalam SEMUA eritrosit

59
Q

indikator anemia

A
  • nilai mchc

- nilai mcv

60
Q

hub PCV meningkat = dehidrasi

apa hubungan dengan anemia

A

karena kalau dehidrasi darah rbc more concentrated (polycythemia)

61
Q

Tipe anemia

A
  • morfologi
  • regeneratif
  • non regeneratif
  • hemorhagi/perdarahan
  • hemolitik (destruksi eritrosi meningkat)
  • gangguan eritropoiesis
62
Q

Anemia regreneratif

A
  • prognosis positif cuz berati masih ada respon
  • muncul respon 2-3 hari (ada retikulosit dll)
  • responding
63
Q

Anemia regreneratif: pemeriksaan sumsum tulang

jarang dilakukan

A

ditemukan erythropoietic hyperplasia

64
Q

Anemia non regeneratif

A
  • dugaan gangguan sumsum tulang

- non responding

65
Q

area tes wajib anemia non regeneratif

A

sumsum tulang

66
Q

tanda tanda anemia non regeneratif pada perdarahan akut/perakut/ hemolisis

A

muncul 2-3 hari

67
Q

makrositosit

A

peningkatan makrosit (eritrosit besar)

68
Q

poikilositosis

A

peningkatan BENTUK bervariasi

69
Q

polikromasia

A

menyerap banyak warna

70
Q

anisositosis

A

peningkatan sel tidak sama UKURAN

an = tidak
iso = sama
71
Q

Anemia Morfologi mengacu pada perhitungan

A
  1. MCV
  2. MCH
  3. MCHC
72
Q

Etiologi anemia morfologi (4 kategori)

A
  1. blood loss (perdarahan)
  2. peningkatan destruksi eri // penurunan lifespan eri
  3. depresi sum-sum tulang
  4. defisiensi nutrisi
73
Q

anemia markrositik

A

anemia responding

74
Q

anemia normositik

A

anemia non responding

75
Q

anemia mikrositik

A

anemia responding dan non responding

76
Q

Tipe anemia Hemoragi

A

akut

subakut

77
Q

Ciri anemia hemoragi akut dan subakut

A
  • awalnya ada (normositik)
  • 72-96 jam pemeriksaan darah perifer ada (eritrosit berinti)
  • hari 4 -7 ada peningkatan (retikulosit)
  • penurunan kadar hb sejalan dengan kuantitas eri yang hilang
78
Q

Ciri anemia hemoragi kronis

A
  • bentuk banyak ditemukan (mikrositi, hipokromik)
  • penurunan kadar Hb
  • peningkatan (retikulosit dan eritrosit berinti) menandakan ada proses ERITROGENESIS
79
Q

penyebab anemia hemoragi kronis

A 
- infestasi parasit
> cacing kait
> cacing perut
> coccidia
> cacing bungkul
> cacing hati 
- parasit eksternal 
> kutu
> pinjal
80
Q

Anemia hemolitika

A
  • proses destruksi besar-besaran

- pendeknya lifespan eri

81
Q

penyebab anemia hemolitika

A 
- infeksi 
> parasit darah
> bakterial
> viral
- agen kimia
- intoksikasi racun tanaman
- penyakit metabolik

CLINICAL PATHOLOGY SEM 5 (3 decks)

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