Erikson’s psychosocial theory Flashcards
What stage occurs between Birth – 1 year old?
Trust v Mistrust
What stage occurs between 1 year old and 3 years old?
Autonomy v Shame and Doubt
What stage occurs between 3 years old and 6 years old?
Initiative v Guilt
What stage occurs between 6 years old and 11 years old?
Industry v Inferiority
What stage occurs at adolescence?
Identity v Role Confusion
What stage occurs at early adulthood?
Intimacy v Isolation
What stage occurs at middle adulthood?
Generativity v Stagnation
What stage occurs at late adulthood?
Integrity v Despair
What happens in the Trust v Mistrust stage?
Healthy outcome depends on quality of caregiving. Trusting infant expects world to be good and gratifying, feels confident about venturing out and exploring it. Mistrustful infant cannot count on kindness and compassion of others, protects self by withdrawing from people and things
What happens in the Autonomy v Shame and Doubt stage?
Period of budding selfhood. Autonomy grows out of suitable guidance and reasonable expectations – allowed to make age-appropriate decisions. When parents are over- or under-controlling, child feels forced and shamed, doubt’s ability to control impulses and act competently
What happens in the Initiative v Guilt stage?
Sense of purposefulness; advancements in conscience development. Play as means of learning about self and social world. Leads to the child developing the superego. When children are threatened, criticized, and punished excessively, they develop overly strict superego that causes them to feel too much guilt
What happens in the industry v inferiority stage?
Energies redirected to realistic accomplishment – learning, how competent you are, the strength of other people, learning that they are different to you. Industry achieved when children develop sense of competence at useful skills and tasks. Inferiority develops when family life has not prepared children for school life or when teachers and peers destroy confidence with negative responses (not supportive)
What happens in the identity v role confusion stage?
Identity drives many life choices, is crucial step toward becoming productive, content adult. Identity crisis – some people. Temporary period of distress as teenagers experiment with alternatives before settling on values and goals. If earlier conflicts were negatively resolved or if available choices do not match abilities and desires, teenagers appear directionless and unprepared for challenges of adulthood
What happens in the Intimacy v Isolation stage?
Thoughts and feelings about making permanent commitment to intimate partner. Desire for intimacy may clash with desire for self- determination. In friendships and work ties, people who have achieved intimacy are cooperative and accepting of differences. People with sense of isolation hesitate to form close ties, tend to compete, and are not accepting of differences. Figuring out how to balance everything. By the end of this stage, if you figured this out positively – will have lots of good friendships, good ties at work, accepting of difference, cooperative. If figured out negatively – opposite
What happens in the Generativity v Stagnation stage
Reaching out to others in ways that give to and guide next generation – parenting, grand-parents, teachers. Being part of the continual improvement with society. Encompasses everything generated that can outlive self and ensure continuity and improvement of society. Adults with sense of stagnation lack interest in young people, focus on what they can get v. what they can give, take little interest in being productive, developing talents, or bettering world
