Erikson's Developmental Stages

Question 1

Birth to 1 year/Infancy

Answer 1

Trust vs mistrust
+ : trusts self and others
- : demonstrates an inability to trust: withdrawal, isolation

Question 2

1 year to 3 years/Toddler

Answer 2

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
+ : exercises self-control and influences the environment directly
- : demonstrates defiance and negativism

Question 3

3 to 6 years/Preschool

Answer 3

Initiative vs. guilt
+ : begins to evaluate own behavior; learns limits on influence in the environment
- : demonstrates fearful, pessimistic behaviors; lacks self confidence

Question 4

6 to 12 years/School-age

Answer 4

Industry vs. inferiority
+ : develops a sense of confidence; uses creative energies to influence the environment
- : demonstrates feelings of inadequacy, mediocrity, and self-doubt

Question 5

12 to 20 years/Adolescence

Answer 5

Identity vs. role diffusion
+ : develops a coherent sense of self; plans for a future of work/education
- : demonstrates inability to develop personal and vocational identity

Question 6

20 to 40 years/Young adulthood

Answer 6

Intimacy vs. isolation
+ : develops connections to work and intimate relationships
- : demonstrates an avoidance of intimacy and vocational career commitments

Question 7

40 to 65 years/Middle adulthood

Answer 7

Generativity vs stagnation
+ : involved with established family; expands personal creativity and productivity
- : demonstrates lack of interests, commitments, preoccupation with self-centered concerns

Question 8

65+ years/Late adulthood

Answer 8

Integrity vs. despair
+ : identification of life as meaningful
- : demonstrates fear of death; life lacks meaning