Erikson's 8 stages of pyscosocial development

Question 1

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 1

• infant - 18 months
• oral
• infants must learn that adults can be trusted to meet a child’s basic needs for survival-responsive caregivers help the infants develop a sense of trust and a safe and predictable perspective of the world while unresponsive care results in feelings of anxiety, fear, and mistrust

Question 2

Autonomy vs. Shame/doubt

Answer 2

• 18 months - 3 years old
• anal
• working to establish independence - a toddlers input on basic decisions effects sense of independence, when denied this, the toddler may doubt their abilities. Doubt can lead to low self-esteem and feeling o shame

Question 3

Initial vs. Guilt

Answer 3

• 3 - 5 years old
• genital
• initiating activities and asserting control through social interactions and play-learning to plan and achieve goals while interacting with others
  
  • children successful at this age will develop self-confidence and sense of purpose
  • unsuccessful children may develop feelings of guilt and typically have controlling parents

Question 4

Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 4

• 5 - 13 years old
• latency
• children begin comparing themselves to others and can develop a sense of pride and accomplishment or feel inferior and inadequet - this stage can lead into adolescence and adulthood

Question 5

Identity vs. role confusion

Answer 5

• 13 - 21 years old
• attempt to discover adult-self (who am I? what do I want in life?)
  
  • successful attempt> strong sense of identity, remain true to beliefs and values
  • apethic/ unsuccessful/ pressured>weak sense of self and role confusion, unsure of identity and confused about future

Question 6

Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer 6

• 21 - 39 year old
• Erikson believes you must have a strong sense of self (refer back to identity vs. role confusion) before you and develop successful intimate relationships, adults who do not develop a positive self-concept may experience loneliness or emotional isolation

Question 7

Generativity vs. Stagnition

Answer 7

• 40 - 65 years old
• generatively involves finding your lifework contributing to others activities such as
  
  • volunteering
  • childbirth/ raising children/ caring for others
  • mentoring
• contributing positively to society
• stagnation- feels as though you are not leaving “ your mark” on the world in a meaningful way and have little emotion