Ergogenic aids

Question 1

Anabolic steroids

Answer 1

illegal
+ muscle mass, recovery, duration and intensity
- irritability, liver damage, heart failure
weightlifters, sprinters

Question 2

EPO - Erythropoietin

Answer 2

illegal
+ RBCs, O2 transport, intensity and duration
- cardiac output, + blood viscosity, risk of blood clots
endurance athletes - cyclists

Question 3

Human growth hormone

Answer 3

illegal
+ muscle mass, fat metabolism, blood glucose
- abnormal bone + muscle development, increase risk of cancer and diabetes
any athlete

Question 4

Blood doping

Answer 4

illegal
+ RBCs, O2 transport, increase duration + intensity
- increase blood viscosity, decrease cardiac output, risk blood clots
endurance athletes

Question 5

IHT - intermittent hypoxic training

Answer 5

legal
+ acclimitasation, increase RBCs, increase mitochondria
- benefits lost when stop IHT, dehydration, loss of motivation
endurance athletes

Question 6

Cooling aids

Answer 6

legal
+ reduce body temp, sweating, DOMS, increase speed of recovery
- mask or worsen injuries, chest pain, ice burns
all athletes

Question 7

Creatine

Answer 7

legal
+ increase PC stores, intensity + duration, increase maximum + explosive strength
- weight gain, increased water retention, muscle cramps
power athletes

Question 8

Caffeine

Answer 8

legal
+ increase nervous stimulation, focus, metabolism of fats
- dehydration, insomnia, gastrointestinal problems

Question 9

Bicarbonate

Answer 9

legal
+ increase buffering capacity, delay OBLA, increase intensity
- gastrointestinal problems, nausea

Question 10

Nitrates

Answer 10

legal
+ decrease bp, delay fatigue, intensity and duration
- headaches, long term effects unclear