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PE: Exercise Physiology > Ergogenic Aids > Flashcards

Ergogenic Aids Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ergogenic aid?

A

A substance, object or method to improve or enhance performance

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of ergogenic aids?

A

Pharmacological
Physiological
Nutritional

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3
Q

What are the 3 examples of a pharmacological aid?

A

Anabolic steroids
EPO
HGH

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4
Q

What do anabolic steroids do?

A

Resemble testosterone which promotes protein synthesis for muscle growth and repair

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5
Q

What sports are anabolic steroids used in association with?

A

Maximal and explosive
E.g. sprinting, rugby, javelin

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6
Q

What are the performance benefits of anabolic steroids?
(3 points)

A

Increased muscle mass/strength
Increased speed of recovery
Increased intensity and duration of training

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7
Q

What are the risks associated with anabolic steroids?
(5 points)

A

Irritability/aggression/mood swings
Liver damage
Heart failure
Hormonal imbalances
Risk of HIV from injecting

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8
Q

What is the WADA status for anabolic steroids?

A

Illegal

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9
Q

What does a pharmacological aid do?

A

Increase levels of hormones/neural transmitters that are naturally produced by the boddy

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10
Q

What is RhEPO?

A

A synthetic copy of the natural hormone EPO

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11
Q

What is the function of EPO?

A

Increases red blood cell production

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12
Q

What sports is EPO used in association with?

A

Endurance events
E.g. marathon runners

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13
Q

What is the WADA status for EPO?

A

Illegal

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14
Q

What are the performance benefits of EPO?
(4 points)

A

Increased red blood cell count
Increased oxygen transport
Increased aerobic capacity
Increased intensity and duration of performance before fatigue

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15
Q

What is HGH?

A

A synthetic copy of the natural growth hormone

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16
Q

What is the function of HGH?

A

Increases protein synthesis for muscle growth and repair

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17
Q

What sports is HGH used in association with?

A

Maximal events
Explosive strength events
E.g. weight lifting, sprinting, shot put

18
Q

What is the WADA status for HGH?

A

Illegal

19
Q

What are the performance benefits of using HGH?
(5 points)

A

Increased muscle mass/strength
Increased fat metabolism
Increased blood glucose levels
Increased speed of recovery
Increased intensity and duration of training

20
Q

What are the risks associated with HGH?
(3 points)

A

Abnormal bone/muscle growth
Enlargement of vital organs (multi-organ failure)
Increased risk of certain cancers

21
Q

What are the risks associated with EPO?
(5 points)

A

Increased blood viscosity
Decreased cardiac output
Increased risk of heart failure
Increased risk of blood clots
Decreased natural EPO production

22
Q

What is the funtion of physiological aids?

A

Increase the rate of adaption by the body to improve performance

23
Q

what does blood doping do?

A

increase red blood cell count

24
Q

what is the process of blood doping?

A

the athlete removes some of their blood and stores it in the fridge
their body replaces the blood
the athlete reinjects the blood which increases their red blood cell count

25
Q

what sports in blood doping used in association with?

A

endurance events
e.g tour de france cyclists

26
Q

what are the performance benefits of blood doping?
(4 points)

A

increased red blood cell count
increased oxygen transport
increased aerobic capacity
increased intensity and duration of performance before fatigue

27
Q

what are the risks associated with blood doping?
(5 points)

A

increased blood viscosity
decreased cardiac output
increased risk of blood clots
increased risk of heart failure
risk of HIV from needles

28
Q

what is the WADA status for blood doping?

A

illegal

29
Q

what are the 3 physiological aids?

A

blood doping
intermittent hypoxic training (IHT)
cooling aids

30
Q

what is intermittent hypoxic training?

A

interval training performed under low partial pressures of oxygen

31
Q

what are examples of IHT?

A

masks
sleeping tents
rooms

32
Q

how long is IHT usually carried out for?

A

4-8 weeks

33
Q

what events is IHT used in association with?

A

endurance events
e.g. marathon runners
prior to events above sea level
e.g 2014 world cup

34
Q

what is the WADA status for IHT?

A

legal

35
Q

what are the performance benefits of IHT?
(7 points)

A

acclimatisation for events above sea level
increased red blood cell count
increased aerobic capacity
increased intensity and duration before fatigue
increased mitochondria
increased buffering capacity
delays OBLA

36
Q

what are the risks associated with IHT?
(5 points)

A

any benefit is lost quickly when IHT stops
loss of motivation due to training patterns disrupted
hard to reach normal work rates
decreased immune system
dehydration

37
Q

what are cooling aids?

A

a range of products such as ice vests, ice packs and ice baths which reduce core temperature, treat injury and speed up recovery

38
Q

why are cooling aids used pre-event?

A

reduce thermal strain and cardiovascular drift

39
Q

how are cooling aids to treat injury?

A

part of PRICE
reduces pain and swelling

40
Q

why are cooling aids used post-event?

A

speed up recovery and reduce DOMS

41
Q

what are the performance benefits of of cooling aids?
(5 points)

A

reduced core body temperature
decreased sweating/dehydration/early fatigue
decreased injury pain/swelling
increased speed of recovery
decreased DOMS

PE: Exercise Physiology (4 decks)

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