ergo quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition in work and operational settings, to optimize human well-being and system performance.

A

cognitive ergonomics

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2
Q

cognitive ergonomics is concerned with mental processes such as ___ as they affect interactions among humans and other elements of a system.

A

perception, memory, reasoning, and motor response

(International Ergonomics Association)

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3
Q

Scientific study and body of knowledge of human abilities, limitations, and characteristics for the appropriate design of the living and work environments.

A

ergonomics

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4
Q

Concerned with ensuring that the work system is conducive to good performance and work effectiveness, and consequently, that the work environment is compatible with the health, safety, and comfort of the individual. (BCPE, 1993)

A

ergonomics

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5
Q

Ergonomics has existed as a profession for over ____ years.

A

50

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6
Q

5 benefits of human factors and ergonomics

A
  1. Reducing human error in the system performance
  2. Reducing hazards to individuals in the work environment
  3. Improving system efficiency
  4. Designing systems with a user focus
  5. Improve quality of life
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7
Q

5 things under economic advantages

A
  1. Minimizing fatigue and overexertion
  2. Minimizing absenteeism and labor turnover
  3. Improving quality and quantity of output
  4. Eliminating or minimizing injuries, strains, and sprains
  5. Minimizing lost time and costs associated with injuries and accidents.
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8
Q

2 things under progress in knowledge and technology

A
  1. Learning about human desires, capabilities, and limitations
  2. Developing and applying new theories and practices
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9
Q

2 things under moral imperative

A
  1. Maximizing safety, efficiency, comfort, and productivity
  2. Improving human condition and quality of life
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10
Q

It is a subset of the larger field of human factors and ergonomics.

A

cognitive ergonomics

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11
Q

7 relevant topics related to human-system design

A

Mental workload, Decision making, Skilled performance, Human reliability, Human computer interaction, Work stress, training

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12
Q

scientific study of the structure of organisms including their systems,organs, and tissues.

A

anatomy

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13
Q

It includes the appearance and position of the various parts, the materials from which they are composed, their locations and their relationship with other parts

A

anatomy

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14
Q

scientific study of how the human body functions.

A

physiology

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15
Q

Physiology includes ___, ____, ____, and ___ functions of humans in good health,from organs to the cells of which they are composed.

A

mechanical, physical, bioelectrical, biochemical

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16
Q

scientific study of the way the human mind works and how it influences behavior, or the influence of a particular person’s character on his or her own behavior.

A

psychology

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17
Q

The field of cognitive ergonomics emerged predominantly in the ___ with the advent of the personal computers and new developments in the field of _____

A

1970s, cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence

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18
Q

Cognitive ergonomic is the application of ____ to work, to achieve the optimization between people and their work.

A

psychology

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19
Q

It is considered as an ______, and has rapidly developed over the last _____ years.

A

applied science, 27 years

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20
Q

According to van der Veer, _______ was one of the pioneers of________, andadvocated the notion of “user-centered designs”.

A

Enid Mumford, interactive systems engineering

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21
Q

2 Criteria for Developing a user-centered design

A
  1. Task Analysis
  2. Analyzing motor control cognition during visual tasks
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22
Q

the evaluation of cognitive task demands

A

task analysis

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23
Q

operating machinery, attention evaluation

A

Analyzing motor control cognitionduring visual tasks

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24
Q

a discipline and practice that aims to ensure appropriate interaction between work, product and environment, and human needs,capabilities, and limitations.

A

cognitive ergonomics

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25
Q

cognitive ergonomics =

A

mental processes

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26
Q

cognitive approach that is often equated with contemporary cognitive psychology.

A

Human information processing model

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27
Q

Information-processing models to particular tasks describe the flow of information through the various stages and predict ___, ____, ____, and other aspects of human performance.

A

response times, error times, error types

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28
Q

refers to the cognitive limitations of consumers

A

Bounded rationality

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29
Q

According to the bounded rationality, we make suboptimal decisions due to three factors

A

cognitive limitations,imperfect information, and time constraints

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30
Q

When faced with complex choices,consumers may opt to ____ instead of spending time and effort analyzing the situation – leading to a sub - optimal choice.

A

satisfice

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31
Q

Refers to our inability as humans to process information in an optimal manner. In other words,we are unable to consider all available factors in our decision making.

A

cognitive limitation

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32
Q

refers to the lack of information a consumer has. Not many consumers likely to spend hours researching what it is and how it affects the performance of their decisions.

A

information imperfection

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33
Q

constrict our ability to process and analyze a situation and come to an optimal decision.

A

time constraint

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34
Q
  1. We are not optimal decision makers.
  2. We tend to relative satisfaction, not to perfection.
  3. We have never complete information availability.
  4. We are finite memory storage.
  5. We cannot foresee all the possible effects of options.
  6. We follow heuristics rather than algorithms.
A

theory of bounded rationality (Simon,1957)

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35
Q

An (in) action that was not intended.

An action not desired by a set of rules or an external observer.

An action that led the task or system outside its acceptable limits.

A

theory of human error (Reason, 1990)

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36
Q

a subfield of cognitive ergonomics, aims to enhance human-computer interaction by using neural correlates to be better understand situational tasks demands.

A

Neuroergonomics

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37
Q

is an emerging field that investigates the human brain in relation to behavior performance in natural environments and everyday settings.

A

Neuroergonomics

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38
Q

involves assessing safe driving protocol,enhancing elderly mobility, and analyzing cognitive abilities involved with navigation of abstract virtual environments.

A

Neuroergonomics research

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39
Q

This discipline has been summarize by _____, as the “scientific study of the brain mechanisms and psychological and physical functions of humans in relation to technology, work and environments.”

A

Raja Parasuraman

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40
Q

3 application of cognitive ergonomics

A
  1. designing software interface to be “easy to use”
  2. designing icons and visual cues
  3. designing airplane cockpit or nuclear powerplant control system
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41
Q

The way people perceive and act has____ implications on the design of the objects and environment that they use.

A

direct

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42
Q

If physical surroundings reflect and support their natural cognitive tendencies, there will be ______

A

less errors and performances & productivity – positive boost

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43
Q

“Mind is as comfortable at work as the body.”
true or false

A

true

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44
Q

Cognitive ergonomics is a division of ergonomics (human factors), a discipline and practice that aims to ensure appropriate interaction between ___, ____ and____, and ____,____, and ____.

A

work, product and environment, human needs, capabilities, and limitations

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45
Q

3 things about ergonomics

A
  1. human centered
  2. multi-disciplinary
  3. application oriented
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46
Q

The mind creates and controls mental functions such as

A

perception, attention, memory, emotions, language, deciding, thinking, and reasoning.

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47
Q

Cognitive psychology indicates different types of cognition – the mental processes, such as ____, ___, and ____, which is what the mind ___.

A

perception, attention, and memory | creates

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48
Q

a system that creates representations of the world so that we can act within it to achieve our goals.

A

mind

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49
Q

Indicates something about how the mind operates (it creates representations) and its function (it enables us to act and to achieve goals.)

A

cognitive psychology

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50
Q

the study of mental processes, which includes determining the characteristics and properties of the mind and how it operates.

A

cognitive psychology

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51
Q

How Long Does it Take to Make a
Decision?

A

Donder’s Pioneering Experiment (1868)

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52
Q

Structuralism and Analytic Introspection

A

Wundt’s Psychology Laboratory (1879)

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53
Q

What is the Time Course of Forgetting?

A

Ebbinghaus’s Memory Experiment (1885)

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54
Q

Principles of Psychology

A

William James’s Principles of Psychology (1890)

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55
Q

Donders was interested in determining how long it takes for a person to

A

make a decision

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56
Q

how long it takes to respond to presentation of a stimulus.

A

reaction time

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57
Q

asking his participants to push a button as rapidly as possible when they saw a light go on.

A

simple reaction time

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58
Q

asking his participants to push the left button when they saw the left light go on and the right button when they saw the right light go on

A

choice reaction time

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59
Q

changes the ___ response to “Perceive left light” and “Decide which button to push.”

A

mental response

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60
Q

the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions would indicate how long it took to make the decision
that led to pushing the correct

true or false

A

true

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61
Q

Donders concluded that the decision-making process took

A

one-tenth of a second

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62
Q

Mental responses cannot be measured
directly, but must be inferred from
behavior.

true or false

A

true

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63
Q

indicate that when Donders measured reaction
time, he was measuring the relationship between presentation of the stimulus and the participant’s response.

A

dashed lines

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64
Q

he did not measure mental responses directly but inferred how long they took from the reaction times.

true or false

A

true

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65
Q

mental responses can be measured directly

true or false

A

false

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66
Q

Choice Reaction Time – Simple Reaction Time =

A

time to make a decision

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67
Q

In 1879, ___ years after Donders’s reaction time experiment

A

11

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68
Q

Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory of scientific psychology at the

A

university of leipzig in germany

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69
Q

According to _____, our overall experience is determined by combining basic elements of experience which is called _____

A

structuralism, sensation

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70
Q

Wundt wanted to create a _____, which would include all the basic sensations involved in creating experience.

A

periodic table of the mind

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71
Q

a technique in which trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli.

A

analytic introspection

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72
Q

analytic introspection required extensive training because the participants’ goal was to describe their experience in terms of elementary mental elements

true or false

A

true

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73
Q

Wundt made a substantial contribution to psychology by his commitment to study behavior and the mind under controlled conditions.

true or false

A

true

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74
Q

German psychologist ____ Ebbinghaus (1885/1913) of the University of ____

A

Hermann, Berlin

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75
Q

determining the nature of memory and forgetting – specifically, how rapidly information that is learned is lost over time.

A

Ebbinghaus

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76
Q

Ebbinghaus used a ___ method for measuring memory.

A

quantitative

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77
Q

he repeated lists of ___ nonsense syllables such as ___, ___, ___, and ___ to himself one at a 3me at a constant rate.

A

13

DAX, QEH, LUH, ZIF

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78
Q

He used nonsense syllables so that his memory would not be influenced by the meaning of a particular word.

true or false

A

true

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79
Q

Ebbinghaus’s objective is to determine number of ___ necessary to repeat list without errors.

A

repetition

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80
Q

Short break intervals = fewer
repetitions necessary to relearn list

true or false

A

true

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81
Q

Ebbinghaus used a measure called ____, to determine how much was forgotten after a particular delay

A

savings

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82
Q

Savings =

A

(Original time to learn first) – (Time to relearn list after delay)

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83
Q

measure of the amount remembered, so he plotted this versus the time between initial learning and testing.

A

savings

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84
Q

forgetting occurs rapidly over the first ___ days and then occurs more slowly after that

A

2

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85
Q

one of the early American psychologists taught Harvard’s first psychology course and made significant observations about the mind in his textbook, Principles of Psychology (1890).

A

william james

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86
Q

Observations based on the functions of his own mind, not experiments.

true or false

A

true

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87
Q

there are no reliable result in wundt

true or false

A

true

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88
Q

became dissatisfied with the
method of analytic introspection.

A

watson

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89
Q

Watsons problem in analytic introspection

A
  1. produced extremely variable
    results from person to person.
  2. results were difficult to verify because they were interpreted in terms of invisible inner mental processes.
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90
Q

Approach that Eliminate the mind as a topic of
study and study directly observable
behavior

A

behaviorism

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91
Q

Watson and Rosalie Rayner (1920) subjected Albert, a 9-month-old-boy, to a loud noise every time a rat (which Albert had originally liked) came close to the child.

true or false

A

true

92
Q

how pairing one stimulus with another, previously neutral stimulus causes changes in the response to the neutral stimulus.

A

classical conditioning

93
Q

Watson’s experiment was inspired by

A

pavlov’s research with dogs in 1890s

94
Q

who received his PhD from Harvard in 1931

A

B. F. Skinner

95
Q

B. F. Skinner provided another tool for studying the relationship between

A

stimulus and response

96
Q

focused on how behavior is strengthened by the presentation of positive reinforces. Shape behavior by rewards or punishments.

A

operant conditioning

97
Q

____ behavior more likely to
be repeated.
____ behavior that less likely
to be repeated.

A

Rewarded, Punished

98
Q

Behaviorism approach was dominant from the ___ through the ___.

A

1940s - 1960s

99
Q

year for watson behaviorism

A

1913

100
Q

year for skinner operant conditioning

A

1938

101
Q

called himself a behaviorist because his focus was on measuring behavior and used behavior to infer mental processes.

A

Tolman

102
Q

Tolman who from ___ to ___ was at the University of California at ___

A

1918 to 1954 | Berkely

103
Q

Tolman (1938) trained rats to find food in a ____.

A

four-armed maze

104
Q

Tolman believed the rat had created a ___, a representation of the maze in its mind.

A

cognitive map

105
Q

A controversy over language acquisition

A

THE DECLINE OF BEHAVIORISM

106
Q
  • Argued children learn language through operant conditioning
  • Children imitate speech they hear
  • Correct speech is rewarded
A

Skinner (1957) – Verbal Behavior

107
Q
  • Argued that children do not only learn language through imitation and reinforcement
  • Children say things they have never heard and cannot be imitating
  • Children say things that are incorrect and have not been rewarded for
  • Language must be determined by inborn biological program
A

Chomsky (1959)

107
Q

3 things to understand complex cognitive behaviors

A
  1. Measure observable behavior
  2. Make inferences about underlying
    cognitive activity
  3. Consider what this behavior says
    about how the mind works
107
Q

shift from behaviorist’s stimulus- response relationships to an approach that attempts to explain behavior in terms of the mind.

A

INFORMATION PROCESSING

107
Q
  • way to study the mind based on insights associated with the digital computer
  • states that operation of the mind occurs in stages
A

Information – processing approach

107
Q
  • built on James’s idea of attention
  • present message A in left ear and
    message B in right ear
  • subjects could understand details of
    message A despite also hearing
    message B
A

Cherry (1953)

107
Q
  • developed flow diagram to show what occurs as a person directs attention to one stimulus
  • unattended information does not pass through the filter
A

Broadbent (1958)

108
Q

Broadbent developed ___ to show what occurs as a person directs attention to one stimulus

A

flow diagram

109
Q

what did tolman contributed and when?

A

cognitive map, 1948

110
Q

what did cherry contributed and when?

A

attention experiment

111
Q

what happened in 1954

A

first commercially available digital computer

112
Q

what happened in 1956

A

dartmouth and MIT conferences

113
Q

what did broadbent contributed and when?

A

flow diagram, 1958

114
Q

what did neisser contributed and when?

A

first cognitive psychology book, 1967

115
Q

“making a machine behave in ways that would be called intelligent if a human were so behaving.” (McCarthy et al., 1955)

A

artificial intelligence

116
Q

Newell and Simon created the ____ that could create proofs of mathema3cal theorems involving logic principles.

A

logic theorist program

117
Q

developed a three – stage model of
memory

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)

118
Q

what are the 3 stage model of memory

A
  • Sensory memory (less than 1 second)
  • Short term memory (a few seconds, limited capacity)
  • Long – term memory (long duration, high capacity)
119
Q

Information we remember is brought from long – term memory into short – term.
true or false

A

true

120
Q

Studies behavior of people with brain damage

A

Neuropsychology

121
Q

Studies electrical responses of the nervous system including brain neurons.

A

Electrophysiology

122
Q

what is PET

A

Positron emission tomography

123
Q

what is fMRI

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging

124
Q

fMRI and PET; Both technologies show which brain
areas are active during specific episodes of cognition.

true or false

A

true

125
Q

pet and fMRI

A

brain imaging

126
Q

one of the largest and most complex organs in the human body.

A

brain

127
Q

Brain is made up of more than ___ nerves that communicate in trillions of connections called ____.

A

100 billion | synapses

128
Q

outermost layer of brain cells.

A

cortex

129
Q

functions begin in the cortex. 


A

Thinking and voluntary movements

130
Q

is between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain

A

brain stem

131
Q

what functions are controlled here

A

basic functions like breathing and sleep

132
Q

are a cluster of structures in the center of the brain.

A

basal ganglia

133
Q

It coordinates messages between multiple other brain areas. 


A

basal ganglia

134
Q

is at the base and the back of the brain.

A

cerebellum

135
Q

functions responsible the cerebellum

A

coordina:on and balance

136
Q

4 lobes of brain

A
  1. frontal lobes
  2. parietal lobes
  3. temporal lobes
  4. occipital lobes
137
Q

are responsible for problem solving and judgment and
motor function.

A

frontal lobes

138
Q

manage
sensation, handwriting, and body
position.

A

parietal lobes

139
Q

are involved with
memory and hearing.

A

temporal lobes

140
Q

contain the
brain’s visual processing system.

A

occipital lobes

141
Q

The brain is surrounded by a layer of tissue called the

A

meninges

142
Q

helps protect the brain from injury.

A

skull/cranium

143
Q

The study of the physiological basis
of cognition.

A

COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE

144
Q

Cognitive neuroscience is a subfield
of neuroscience that studies the __ processes that underlie human cognition, specially regarding the relation between brain ____, ____ and _____.

A

biological | structures, activity, and cognitive functions

145
Q

The purpose of it is to determine how the brain functions and achieves performance. 


A

Cognitive neuroscience

146
Q

Cognitive neuroscience is considered as a branch of both ____ because it combines the biological sciences with the behavioral sciences, such as psychiatry and psychology. 


A

psychology and neuroscience

147
Q

is an example of a biological process that influences cognition. 


A

decision making

148
Q

-neurotransmitter associated with feelings of satisfaction, brain function, and decision making.

-plays a role in how we
feel pleasure.

A

dopamine

149
Q

Dopamine is a big part of our unique human ability to think and plan. It helps us strive, focus, and find things interesting.

true or false

A

true

150
Q

refers to the idea that a topic can be studied in a number of different ways, with each approach contributing its own dimension to our understanding.

A

levels of analysis

151
Q

We do not examine topics of interest from a single perspective; we look at them from multiple angles and different points of view.

true or false

A

true

152
Q

Each ___ can add small amounts of information that, when considered together, lead to greater understanding.

A

viewpoint

153
Q

level of analysis steps for perception

A

chemical processes > neurons activated > brain structures activated > group of brain structures activated > perception

154
Q

level of analysis steps for memory

A

chemical processes > neurons activated > brain storage > memory

155
Q

basic working unit
of the brain

A

neuron

156
Q

Neuron is a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other _____

A

nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.

157
Q

Each neuron has a _____

A

cell body, an axon, and dendrites.

158
Q

contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. It contains mechanisms to keep cell alive.

A

cell body

159
Q

extends from the cell body and often gives rise to many smaller branches before ending at nerve terminals, which receive informa:on from other neurons.

A

axon

160
Q

are tube filled with fluid that transmits electrical signal to other neurons.

A

dendrites

161
Q

In the 19th century, anatomists applied ___ to brain tissue, which increased the contrast between different types of tissue within the brain.

A

special stains

162
Q
  • When they viewed this stained tissue under a microscope, they saw a network they called a __
A

nerve net

163
Q

-interconnected neurons creating a nerve net like a

A

highway network

164
Q

Streets are connected without stop signs.
This allows for almost nonstop, continuous communication of signals throughout the network.

true or false

A

true

165
Q

Spanish physiologist _____ was using two techniques to investigate the nature
of the nerve net.

A

Ramon y Cajal (1852–1934)

166
Q

combined with the fact that the Golgi stain affects less than 1 percent of the neurons, made it possible for Cajal to clearly see that the nerve net was not continuous but was instead made up of individual units connected

true or false

A

true

167
Q

Individual nerve cells transmit signals and are not continuously linked with other cells.

A

neuron doctrine

168
Q

In the 1920s, ___ was able to record electrical signals from single sensory neurons, an achievement for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in ___

A

edgar adrian, 1932

169
Q
  • small shafts of hollow glass filled with a conductive salt solution that can pick up electrical signals at the electrode tip and conduct these signals back to a recording device.
  • Adrian recorded electrical signals
    from single neurons
A

microelectrodes

170
Q

two types of electrodes

A
  1. recording electrode
  2. reference electrode
171
Q

shown with its recording tip inside the neuron

A

recording electrode

172
Q

located some distance away so it is not affected by the electrical signal

A

reference electrode

173
Q

The difference in charge between the recording and reference electrodes is fed into a computer and displayed on the computer’s screen.

true or false

A

true

174
Q

This value, which stays the same as long as there are no signals in the neuron, is called the

A

resting potential

175
Q

the inside of the neuron has a charge that is ____ more negative than the outside, and this difference continues as long as the neuron is at rest. 


A

70 mV

176
Q

neuron’s receptor is stimulated so that a ____ is transmitted down the axon.

A

nerve impulse

177
Q

As the impulse passes the recording electrode, the charge inside the axon rises to _____, compared to the outside. 


A

40 millivolts

178
Q

As the impulse continues past the electrode, the charge inside the fiber reverses course and starts becoming negative again, until it returns to the resting potential. This impulse, which is called the ___ lasts about ____

A

action potential | 1 millisecond (1/1000 of a second)

179
Q

“Everything a person experiences is based on ______ in the person’s nervous system.”

A

representations

180
Q

means that everything we experience is the result of something that stands for
that experience.

A

representation

181
Q

One possible answer to the question “how can nerve impulses stand for different qualities?” is that perhaps there are neurons that fire only to specific qualities of stimuli.

true or false

A

true

182
Q

who did research with visual stimuli among cats.

A

David Hubel and Thorsten Wiesel

183
Q

neurons that respond best to a specific stimulus

A

Feature detectors

184
Q

The lens in front of the cat’s eye ensures that the images on the screen are focused on the cat’s _____

A

retina

185
Q
  • structure of the brain changes with experience
  • perception is determined by neurons that fire to specific qualities of a stimulus.
A

Experience – Dependency Plasticity

186
Q

The ascension from lower to higher areas of the brain corresponds to perceiving objects that range from lower (simple) to higher levels of complexity.

true or false

A

true

187
Q

When we perceive different objects, we do so in a specific order that moves from lower to higher areas of the brain.

A

hierarchical processing

188
Q

problem of neural representation for the senses has been called the

A

problem of sensory coding

189
Q

refers to how neurons represent various characteristics of the environment.

A

Sensory code

190
Q

3 types of sensory coding

A
  • specificity coding
  • population coding
  • sparse coding
191
Q

representation of a stimulus by the firing of specifically tuned neurons specialized to respond only to a specific stimulus

A

Specificity coding

192
Q

representation of a stimulus by the pattern of firing of a large number of neurons

A

Population coding

193
Q

representation of a stimulus by a pattern of firing of only a small group of neurons, with the majority of neurons remaining silent

A

Sparse coding

194
Q

____ are served by specific areas of the brain.

A

specific functions (localization of functions)

195
Q

Cognitive functioning declines in specific ways when certain areas of the brain are damaged.

true or false

A

true

196
Q

contains mechanisms responsible for most cognitive functions.

A

Cerebral cortex

197
Q

Cerebral cortex ____-thick layer covering the brain

A

3 mm

198
Q

Primary receiving areas for the senses

occipital lobe

A

vision

199
Q

meaning of fMRI

A

functional magnetic Resonance Imaging

200
Q

meaning of ffa

A

Fusiform face area

201
Q

meaning of PPA

A

Parahippocampal place area

202
Q

meaning of EBA

A

Extrastriate body area

203
Q

Measures neural activity by identifying highly oxygenated hemoglobin molecules

A

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

204
Q

In Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), Activity recorded in __

A

voxels (3-D pixels)

205
Q

responds specifically to faces

A

Fusiform face area

206
Q

Damage to this area causes (inability to recognize faces)

A

prosopagnosia

207
Q

responds specifically to places (indoor/outdoor scenes).

A

Parahippocampal place area (PPA)

208
Q

responds specifically to pictures of bodies and parts of bodies.

A

Extrastriate body area (EBA)

209
Q

Interconnected areas of the brain that communicate with each other.

A

NEURAL NETWORKS

210
Q

structural description of the network of elements and connections forming the human brain.

A

Connectome

211
Q

Nerve tracts in the human brain determined by track- weighted imaging.

A

Connectome

212
Q

Primary receiving areas for the senses

parietal lobe

A

touch, temperature, and pain

213
Q

Primary receiving areas for the senses

temporal lobe

A

hearing, taste, and smell

214
Q

SIX COMMON FUNCTIONS DETERMINED BY RESTING STATE fMRI

A

Visual, Somato-motor, Dorsal attention, Executive Control, Salience, Default mode

215
Q

Network and its Functions

Visual

A

Vision; and perception

216
Q

Network and its Functions

Somato-motor

A

Movement and touch

217
Q

Network and its Functions

Dorsal attention

A

Attention to visual stimuli and spatial locations

218
Q

Network and its Functions

Executive Control

A

Higher-level cognitive tasks involved in working memory

219
Q

Network and its Functions

Salience

A

Attending to survival-relevant events in the environment

220
Q

Network and its Functions

Default mode

A

Mind wandering, and cognitive activity related to personal life story, social functions, and monitoring internal emotional states