ERA 1 (Unit 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What areas were connected by the Silk Roads?

A

China, Europe, Central Asia and Southwest Asia

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2
Q

What areas were connected by the Indian Ocean Trade Routes?

A

East Asia, East Africa, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Southwest Asia

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3
Q

What areas were connected by the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes

A

North Africa, Mediterranean Basin, and Sub-Saharan Africa

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4
Q

How were the trade routes similar? (Silk, Indian Ocean, Trans-Saharan Unit 2)

A

●All depended on the establishment of large states. Best example: Mongol Control of the Silk Road which increased safety.●All led to new innovations in navigational technology & helped spread it. Examples: the magnetic compass, lateen sail, the sternpost rudder, & saddles for camels and horses.●All led to shared culture. Examples: religions like Christianity, Islam & Buddhism spread by missionaries and monks who also traveled the routes.●All led to the spread of agricultural products. Example: Champa rice from Vietnam to China. Bananas from Southeast Asia to Africa. ●All led to the growth of trade cities. ○Examples: ■Chang’an in China (Silk Roads)■Calicut in India & Srivijaya in Southeast Asia (Indian Ocean. Trade Routes)■Timbuktu in Mali (Trans-Saharan Routes)

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5
Q

How were the trade routes different?

A

●Goods: ○Silk Road: Luxury goods like silk & porcelain, gunpowder, horses, textiles.○Indian Ocean:Common goods & luxury goods like gold, ivory, fruit, textiles, pepper, rice.○Trans-Saharan: horses, salt, gold, enslaved people.●Technology:○Silk Road:Saddles, Caravanserai (rest stops) ○Indian Ocean:Maritime technology like the astrolabe, magnetic compass, sternpost rudder, lateen sail.○Trans-Saharan:saddles ●Religion:○Silk Road:Buddhism from South Asia to East &Southeast Asia. Neo-Confucianism from China to Japan, Korea & Vietnam. Islam from Southwest Asia to South Asia.○Indian Ocean:Buddhism, Neo-Confucianism, and Islam here too, but also Christianity from Mediteranean Basin. ○Trans-Saharan:Islam from Southwest Asia to North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa.

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6
Q

How did culture change due to connections on trade routes?

A

Zen Buddhism (a new form of Buddhism) started in China & spread to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. The creation of Swahili from Arabic &Bantu languages mixing in East Africa as Islam took root

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7
Q

How were the writings of travellers on these trade routes influential?

A

Ibn Battuta traveled Dar-al Islam and kept notes about the people he met. Marco Polo was a European who lived in China during the Yuan Dynasty. His book inspired many people to want to go to China to trade.

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8
Q

What were the environmental consequences of trade?

A

Other than agricultural exchange, disease also spread. The Black Death (Bubonic Plague) started in China and spread along trade routes to the rest of Afro-Eurasia. It was especially deadly, sometimes killing up to 75% of populations. In Europe, due to worker shortages survivors gained more power and the ability to demand wages.

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9
Q

Why is the Mongol Empire significant in World History?

A

Pastoralists created the largest land-based empire in world history!

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10
Q

Who united the Mongolian tribes and started their conquests?

A

Genghis (Chinggis) Khan

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11
Q

How did the Mongols revitalize trade on the Silk Road?

A

Their conquests united the lands around the Silk Road and started the Pax Mongolica (Mongol Peace)

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12
Q

What epidemic was spread most likely spread by the Mongols on the Silk Road?

A

The Black Plague

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13
Q

How did the Mongols impact new states after the demise of the Mongol Empire?

A

New states had learned from their centralizing policies, and used many of the same techniques that the Mongols used to consolidate power

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