ER Flashcards
…………..: membrane bound with a specific and essential function, found in……….
organells, eukaryaotes
the simplest prokaryotic cell is ………., it contains ……genes, it was the first to study
E.coli
4000
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a ……….,it is a eukaryote cell with short cycle
yeast
C-elegans used to study the ………of the cell, in immature worms the number of cell is ………than the number in mature worm
differntiation and death,
larger
dorosphila……….. used to study cell differtiation as well,
………..have the same number of human genome
melanogaster,
mice
major components of cells are nucleic acid, proteins, carbs, and……………(50 percent of membranes, …….percent of mitochondrial membrane)
lipids
30
molecules in the cell interact with each other ……………….
non-covalently
the largest organel following the nucleus is……….., it is attached to the nucleus and to………
ER
Golgi appartus
if a protein is synthesized in free ribosomes, it will stay in the ………….., or be transported to………….or………or mitochondria
cytosol
nucleus
peroxisomes
if a protein contain a signal on the …. terminus, it will be ……….to……..
N
translocated to ER
the synthesized protein in the bound ribosome enter the ER lumen to continue the synthesis, it might stay there or be transported to……….., or to golgi after that to ……..then to ………..finally to the plasma membrane
nucleus
endosomes
lysosomes
if the synthesized protein will be transported to the outside, this will happen via………..
the signal will cleave after………..
secretory vesicles
transfer to the ER lumen
if a protein is bound to the perioxisomal membrane it was synthesized in ………….ribosomes, but if it enters the peroxisome it was synthesized in…………
bound
free ribosomes
the directed ribosomes to the ER will first complete tranlation on the surface of ER then it will interact with a channel protein called……………..,
then this protein will allow the………….of the synthesized protein
translocon
entry (to ER lumen)
in the ER the signal will be ……………….by ………….. in a hydrolysis reaction
cleaved
peptidase
which organelles have proteins that enters to the ER lumen?
ER, lysosomes, golgi, secretory proteins to the plasma membrane
membranous protein are inserted in th ER membrane, then it will be translocated to ………..or…………….membranes
plasma
peroxisomes
etc
if the N terminus was inside the lumen of ER it will be in……….when tranlocated to…………membrane
outer side
plasma
when does the polypeptide cahin translocation stops?
when a transmembrane sequence will be recognized by translocon
what will happen if the sequence was flipped?
the both terminus will be flipped also
if there were multiple of transmembrane sequences what will happen?
multi transmembrane domains of the protein
inside the ER, what happens to the protein?
folding(chaperons)
complex quaternary
disulfide bond
glycosylation
anchoring by lipids
which enzyme forms disulfide bonds? where do they form?
disulfide protein isomerase
between 2 cystine residues
ERAD system contains ubiquination, what does it mean?
adding ubiquting in the cytosol to the misfoled protein in order to be degraded by proteosomes
SER is a major site for synthesis of?
-membrane glycerophospholipids
-sphingophospholipids (ceramides, glycolipids)
-steroids
SER is abundant in which organs? what its rule there?
liver(excerting drugs)
ovaries and testes(steroid hormones)
ERGIC stands for?
what its order in transporting from ER to golgi?
ER-golgi intermediate compartment
ER–>transport vesicles fuse to–>ERGIC—>golgi
KDEL sequence let the protein to?
what is this sequence?
retaiin to ER
lys-asp-glu-leu
