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Patient Care & Education > Equipment Operaion And quality Control > Flashcards

Equipment Operaion And quality Control Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following occurs during bremsstrahlung (Brems) radiation production?

A) An electron makes a transition from an outer to an inner electron shell

B) An electron approaching a positive nuclear charge changes direction and loses energy

C) A high-energy photon ejects an outer-shell electron.

D) A low-energy photon ejects an inner-shell electron

A

B) An electron approaching a positive nuclear charge changes direction and loses energy

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2
Q

Typical examples of digital imaging include..

  1. MRI
  2. CT
  3. CR

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1,2 and 3

A

D) 1, 2 and 3

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3
Q

Design characteristics of X-ray tube targets that determine heat capacity include:

  1. The rotation of the anode
  2. The diameter of the anode
  3. The size of the focal spot

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3

A

D) 1, 2 and 3

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4
Q

When using the smaller field in a dual field image intensifier:

  1. The image is magnified
  2. The image is brighter
  3. A larger anatomic area is viewed

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 3 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2 and 3

A

A) 1 only

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5
Q

Light-sensitive AEC devices are known as:

A) Phototimers
B) Ionization chambers
C) Sensors
D) Back up timers

A

A) Phototimers

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6
Q

The electron cloud within the X-ray tube is the product of a process called:

A) Electrolysis
B) Thermionic Emission
C) Rectification
D) Induction

A

B) Thermionic Emission

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7
Q

Which of the following will improve the resolution of image-intensified images?

  1. A very thin coating of cesium iodide on the input phosphor
  2. A smaller-diameter input screen
  3. Increased total brightness gain

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

B) 1 and 2 only

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8
Q

Which of the following are characteristics of the X-ray tube?

  1. The target material should have a high atomic # and a high melting point.
  2. The useful beam emerges from the port window
  3. The cathode assembly receives both low and high voltages.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

D) 1, 2, and 3

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9
Q

A parallel plate ionization chamber receives a particular charge as X-ray photons travel thru it. This is the operating principle of which of the following devices?

A) AEC
B) Image intensifier
C) Video recorder
D) Photospot camera

A

A) AEC

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10
Q

Which of the following will serve to increase the effective energy of the xray beam?

  1. Increase in added filtration
  2. Increase in kilovoltage
  3. Increase in mA

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

C) 1 and 2 only

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11
Q

Which of the following combinations would pose the least hazard to a single phase anode?

A) 1.2- mm focal spot, 92 KVP, 1.5 mAs
B) 0.6- mm focal spot, 80 KVP, 3 mAs
C) 1.2- mm focal spot, 70 KVP, 6 mAs
D) 0.6-mm focal spot, 60 KVP, 12 mAs

A

A) 1.2-mm focal spot, 92 KVP, 1.5 mAs

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12
Q

Of what material is filament of the cathode:

A) Nickel
B) Molybdenum
C) Tungsten
D) Copper

A

C) Tungsten

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13
Q

Delivery of large exposures to a cold anode or the use of exposure exceeding tube limitation can result in:

  1. Increased tube output
  2. Cracking of the anode
  3. Rotor bearing damage

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1,2 and 3

A

C) 2 and 3 only

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14
Q

What is the relationship between KVP and HVL?

A) as KVP increases, the HVL increases
B) as KVP decreases, the HVL decreases
C) If the KVP is doubled, the HVL doubles
D) If the KVP is doubled, the HVL is squared

A

A) As the KVP increases, the HVL increases.

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15
Q

As window level increases:

A) contrast scale increases
B) contrast scale decreases
C) brightness increases
D) brightness decreases

A

C) brightness increases

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16
Q

Circuit devices that permit electrons to flow in only one direction are:

A) solid-state diodes
B) resistors
C) transformers
D) auto transformers

A

A) solid-state diodes

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17
Q

The AEC backup timer functions to:

  1. Protect the patient from over exposure
  2. Protect the xray tube from excessive heat
  3. Increase or decrease programmed receptor exposure

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

B) 1 and 2 only

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18
Q

Which of the following devices converts mechanical energy to electrical energy?

A) Motor
B) Generator
C) Stator
D) Rotor

A

B) Generator

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19
Q

A slit camera is used to measure:

  1. Focal spot size
  2. Spatial resolution
  3. Intensifying screen resolution

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1,2 and 3

A

B) 1 and 2 only

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20
Q

Which of the following causes pitting, or many small surface melts, of the anodes focal track?

A) Vaporized tungsten on the glass envelope
B) Loss of anode rotation
C) A large amount of heat to a cold anode
D) Repeated, frequent overloading

A

D) Repeated, frequent overloading

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21
Q

The advantages of collimators over aperture diaphragms and flare cones include:

  1. The variety of field sizes available
  2. More efficient beam restriction
  3. Better cleanup of scattered radiation

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 2 and 3 only

A

B) 1 and 2 only

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22
Q

The type of X-ray tube designed to turn on and off rapidly, providing multiple short, precise exposures is:

A) high speed
B) grid-controlled
C) diode
D) electrode

A

B) grid-controlled

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23
Q

Characteristics of the metallic element tungsten include:

  1. Ready dissipation of heat
  2. High melting point
  3. High atomic number

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

D) 1, 2, and 3

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24
Q

The device that receives the remnant beam, converts it into light, and then increases the brightness of that light is the:

A) Charge coupled device (CCD)
B) Spot image device
C) Image intensifier
D) Television monitor

A

C) Image intensifier

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25
Q

A high speed electron is decelerated as is attracted to a tungsten atom muscles. This results in:

A) Bremsstrahlung radiation
B) Characteristic radiation
C) Compton scatter
D) A photoelectric effect

A

A) Bremsstrahlung radiation

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26
Q

All the following are components of the image intensifier except:

A) the photocathode
B) the focusing lenses
C) the tv monitor
D) the accelerating anode

A

C) The TV monitor

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27
Q

Components of digital imaging include:

  1. Computer manipulation of the image
  2. Formation of an electronic image on the radiation detector
  3. Formation of an X-ray image directly on the IR

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

B) 1 and 2 only

28
Q

The regular measurement and evaluation of radiographic equipment components and their performance is most accurately termed as:

A) Post processing
B) Quality assurance
C) Quality control
D) Quality congruence

A

C) Quality control

29
Q

When the radiographer selects kilovoltage on the control panel, which device is adjusted?

A) Step-up transformer
B) Autotransformer
C) Filament circuit
D) Rectifier circuit

A

B) Autotransformer

30
Q

As electrons impinge on the anode surface, less than 1% of their kinetic energy is changed to:

A) X-Rays
B) Heat
C) Gamma rays
D) Recoil electrons

A

A) X-rays

31
Q

Which of the following contribute to inherent filtration?

  1. X-ray tube glass envelope
  2. X-ray tube port window
  3. Aluminum between the tube housing and the collimator

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

B) 1 and 2 only

32
Q

A quality-control program includes checks on which of the following radiographic equipment conditions:

  1. Reproducibility
  2. Linearity
  3. Positive beam limitation/automatic collimation

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

D) 1, 2, and 3

33
Q

Characteristics of X-ray photons include:

  1. Fluorescent effect ln certain phosphors
  2. Physiological effect on living tissue
  3. Negative electric charge

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1,2, and 3

A

B) 1 and 2 only

34
Q

All of the following circuit devices are located between incoming power supply and the primary coil of the high voltage transformer except:

A) the timer
B) the KVP meter
C) the mA meter
D) the Autotransformer

A

C) the mA meter

35
Q

Congruence of the xray beam with the light field is tested using:

A) pinhole camera
B) star pattern
C) radiopaque objects
D) slit camera

A

C) radiopaque objects

36
Q

Disadvantages of moving grids over stationary grids include which of the following:

  1. They can prohibit the use of very short exposure times
  2. They can increase patient radiation dose
  3. They can cause phantom images when anatomic parts parallel their motion.

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

B) 1 and 2 only

37
Q

The functions of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) include:

  1. Storage of analog images
  2. Reception of digital images
  3. Storage of digital images

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

C) 2 and 3 only

38
Q

How many half value layers will it take to reduce an X-ray beam whose intensity is 78 R/min to an intensity of less than 20 R/ min?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 8

A

A) 2

39
Q

Device used to test the accuracy of the x-ray timer is the:

A) densitometer
B) sensitometer
C) penetrometer
D) spinning top

A

D) spinning top

40
Q

Conditions that contribute to X-ray tube damage include:

  1. Lengthy anode rotation
  2. Exposures to a cold anode
  3. Low mAs/high KVP exposure factors

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

B) 1 and 2 only

41
Q

Exposures less than the minimum response time of an AEC may be required when:

  1. Using high mA
  2. Using fast imaging systems
  3. Examining large patients or body parts

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

B) 1 and 2 only

42
Q

Which of the following information is necessary to determine the maximum safe KVP using the right X-ray rating chart:

  1. mA and time
  2. Focal spot size
  3. Imaging system speed

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

B) 1 and 2 only

43
Q

Which of the following statements regarding dual X-ray absorptiometry is true?

  1. It’s a low dose procedure
  2. Two X-ray photon energies are used
  3. Photon attenuation by bone is calculated

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 1 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

D) 1, 2, and 3

44
Q

A device used to ensure reproducible xray’s, regardless of tissue density variations, is the:

A) AEC (automatic exposure control)
B) penetrometer
C) grid device
D) induction motor

A

A) AEC

45
Q

A device used to change alternating current to unidirectional current is:

A) a capacitor
B) a solid state diode
C) a transformer
D) a generator

A

B) a solid state diode

46
Q

With what frequency must radiographic equipment be checked for linearity and reproducibility?

A) Annually
B) Biannually
C) Semi Annually
D: Quarterly

A

A) Annually

47
Q

If the distance from the focal spot to the center of the collimator a mirror is 6 inches. What distance should the illuminators light bulb be from the center of the mirror?

A) 3 inches
B) 6 inches
C) 9 inches
D) 12 inches

A

B) 6 inches

48
Q

The filtering effect of the X-ray tubes glass envelope and its coolant are referred to collectively as:

A) inherent filtration
B) added filtration
C) compensating filtration
D) port filtration

A

A) inherent filtration

49
Q

Vaporized tungsten on the inner surface of the x ray tube glass window:

  1. Acts as additional filtration
  2. Results in increased tube output
  3. Results in anode pitting

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

A) 1 only

50
Q

Which of the following terms describes the amount of electric charge flowing per second?

A) Voltage
B) Current
C) Reaistance
D) Capacitance

A

B) Current

51
Q

That portion of the remnant X-ray beam representing anatomical details having good quality is referred to as:

A) Photoelectric
B) Compton
C) Signal
D) Noise

A

C) Signal

52
Q

All the following are associated with the anode except:

A) the line focus principle
B) the heel effect
C) the focal track
D) thermionic emission

A

D) thermionic emission

53
Q

Which part of the motor is located within the X-ray tube glass envelope?

A) filament
B) focusing cup
C) stator
D) rotor

A

D) rotor

54
Q

A technique chart should be prepared for each AEC X-ray unit and should contain which of the following info for each exam?

  1. photocells used
  2. KVP
  3. Back up time

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

D) 1, 2, and 3

55
Q

What part of the motor is located outside the X-ray tube glass envelope?

A) Filament
B) Focusing cup
C) Stator
D) Rotor

A

C) Stator

56
Q

At which portion of the X-ray beam is the effective focal spot the smallest?

A) at its outer edge
B) along the path of the central ray
C) at the cathode end
D) at the anode end

A

D) at the anode end

57
Q

Off focus, radiation is minimized by:

A) avoiding the use of very high KVP
B) restricting the X-ray beam as to its source as possible
C) using compression devices to reduce tissue thickness
D) avoiding extreme collimation

A

B) restricting the X-ray beam as close to its source as possible

58
Q

Which of the following is components of the secondary, or high voltage, side of the X-ray circuit?

  1. Rectification system
  2. Autotransformer
  3. KVP meters

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

A) 1 only

59
Q

Which of the following functions to increase the mA?

A) increase in charge of anode
B) increase in heat of the filament
C) increase in KVP
D) increase in focal spot size

A

B) increase in heat of the filament

60
Q

Anode angle will have an effort on the:

  1. Severity of the heel effect
  2. Focal-spot size
  3. Heat load capacity

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

D) 1, 2 and 3

61
Q

The minimum response time of an AEC?

A) is the time required to energize the intensifying phosphors

B) is its shortest possible exposure time

C) functions to protect the patient from over exposure

D) functions to protect the tube from excessive heat

A

B) is its shortest possible exposure time

62
Q

Which of the following would be appropriate IP front material?

  1. tungsten
  2. magnesium
  3. Bakelite

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

C) 2 and 3 only

63
Q

Accurate operation of the AEC device depends on:

  1. Tissue thickness and density
  2. Positioning of the object w/ respect to the photocell
  3. Beam restriction

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

C) 2 and 3 only

64
Q

The image intensifier phosphor generally is composed of:

A) cesium iodide
B) zinc cadmium sulfide
C) gadolinium oxysulfide
D) calcium tungstate

A

A) cesium iodide

65
Q

Total number of X-ray photons produced at the target depends on the:

  1. Tube current
  2. Target material
  3. KVP

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

D) 1, 2, and 3

66
Q

A photostimulable phosphor plate is used with:

A) CR (computed radiography)
B) radiographic intensifying screen
C) fluoroscopic intensifying screens
D) image intensified fluoroscopy

A

A) CR (Computer radiography)

67
Q

An incorrect relationship between the primary beam and the center of a focused grid results in:

  1. An increase in scattered radiation protection
  2. Grid cutoff
  3. Insufficient receptor exposure

A) 1 only
B) 1 and 2 only
C) 2 and 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

A

C) 2 and 3 only

Patient Care & Education (4 decks)

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