Equine Thorax Flashcards
what is the vertebral formula for the horse?
C7 T18 L6 S5
anything craniodorsal to the diaphragmatic line of pleura reflection is in what cavity?
thoracic cavity
anything caudoventral to the diaphragmatic line of pleura reflection is in what cavity?
peritoneal cavity
what is the potential space located beyond the basal border of the lungs where the costal and diaphragmatic pleura are in contact?
costodiaphragmatic recess
the costodiaphragmatic recess is to the basal border of the lung, as the costomediastinal recess is to the ___ border of the lung.
ventral
in which direction are the fibers oriented in the external intercostal mm?
caudovetrally
in which direction are the fibers oriented in the internal intercostal mm?
cranioventrally
the heave line is developed from hypertrophy of what?
muscle/aponeurotic junction of the external abdominal oblique
what disease causes a heave line?
RAO - recurrent airway obstruction
where are the intercostal vessels and nerves located relative to the ribs/intercostal spaces?
immediately caudal to the rib
what are the layers of the clinical pericardial sac?
- pericardial mediastinal pleura
- fibrous pericardium
- parietal serous pericardium
what cavity has the most ‘stuff’ in it?
thoracic cavity
how many lobes does the equine lung have? (name them)
Left: cranial and caudal
Right: cranial, caudal, accessory
the cranial and caudal lung lobes are separated, on each side, by what?
the cardiac notch
where can you hear the pulmonary valve?
low in the left 3rd
where can you hear the aortic valve?
high in the left 4th
where can you hear the left AV valve (mitral)?
low in the left 5th
where can you hear the right AV valve (tricuspid)?
low in the right 4th
the paraconinterventricular br. arises from what artery in the horse?
left coronary a.
the subsinuosal interventricular br. arises from what artery in the horse?
right coronary a.
is the route of the thoracic duct of the horse the same or different than the dog?
the same
what direction are the impulses traveling in sympathetic axons within the vagosympathetic trunk? are these axons predominately preganglionic or postganglionic?
cranially; preganglionic
