Equine Thorax

Question 1

what is the vertebral formula for the horse?

Answer 1

C7 T18 L6 S5

Question 2

anything craniodorsal to the diaphragmatic line of pleura reflection is in what cavity?

Answer 2

thoracic cavity

Question 3

anything caudoventral to the diaphragmatic line of pleura reflection is in what cavity?

Answer 3

peritoneal cavity

Question 4

what is the potential space located beyond the basal border of the lungs where the costal and diaphragmatic pleura are in contact?

Answer 4

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 5

the costodiaphragmatic recess is to the basal border of the lung, as the costomediastinal recess is to the ___ border of the lung.

Answer 5

ventral

Question 6

in which direction are the fibers oriented in the external intercostal mm?

Answer 6

caudovetrally

Question 7

in which direction are the fibers oriented in the internal intercostal mm?

Answer 7

cranioventrally

Question 8

the heave line is developed from hypertrophy of what?

Answer 8

muscle/aponeurotic junction of the external abdominal oblique

Question 9

what disease causes a heave line?

Answer 9

RAO - recurrent airway obstruction

Question 10

where are the intercostal vessels and nerves located relative to the ribs/intercostal spaces?

Answer 10

immediately caudal to the rib

Question 11

what are the layers of the clinical pericardial sac?

Answer 11

• pericardial mediastinal pleura
• fibrous pericardium
• parietal serous pericardium

Question 12

what cavity has the most ‘stuff’ in it?

Answer 12

thoracic cavity

Question 13

how many lobes does the equine lung have? (name them)

Answer 13

Left: cranial and caudal
Right: cranial, caudal, accessory

Question 14

the cranial and caudal lung lobes are separated, on each side, by what?

Answer 14

the cardiac notch

Question 15

where can you hear the pulmonary valve?

Answer 15

low in the left 3rd

Question 16

where can you hear the aortic valve?

Answer 16

high in the left 4th

Question 17

where can you hear the left AV valve (mitral)?

Answer 17

low in the left 5th

Question 18

where can you hear the right AV valve (tricuspid)?

Answer 18

low in the right 4th

Question 19

the paraconinterventricular br. arises from what artery in the horse?

Answer 19

left coronary a.

Question 20

the subsinuosal interventricular br. arises from what artery in the horse?

Answer 20

right coronary a.

Question 21

is the route of the thoracic duct of the horse the same or different than the dog?

Answer 21

the same

Question 22

what direction are the impulses traveling in sympathetic axons within the vagosympathetic trunk? are these axons predominately preganglionic or postganglionic?

Answer 22

cranially; preganglionic