Equine/ Ox/ Goat/ Cow... not dog foreleg estrinsic and extrinsic + stay apperatus foreleg

Question 1

In the horse there is an additional pectoral muscle called the __________ that is considered a component of the _________ musculature. This muscle is rudimentary in the ox, which explains the abrupt transition of ______ to _________ in the ruminants compared to a dog.

Answer 1

subclavius muscle
deep pectoral
neck
shoulder

Question 2

in the horse the : Cleidocephalicus m. has ________ part(s). and is named ____________.

Answer 2

one

cleidomastoideus m

Question 3

In the Ox and goat the Cleidocephalicus m. has 2 parts they are? this muscle forms the dorsal boundy of the ___________.

Answer 3

cleido-occipitalis and cleidomatoideus

jugular groove

Question 4

in Zebu (a.k.a., Braham) cattle, this muscle is a major contributor to the hump

Answer 4

rhomboideus

Question 5

what muscle if damaged, support of the forelimb is lost. Myopathy and muscle damage results in “flying scapula” in ruminants (and potentially horses) where the dorsal border of the scapula rises above the withers.

Answer 5

serratus ventralis

Question 6

this muscle is not divided in the horse, as the horse lacks an acromion. what muscle is it.

Answer 6

deltoideus

Question 7

horses/donkeys have a long tendon of the biceps brachii m. called.

Answer 7

Lacertus fibrosus

Question 8

This tendinous structure extends from the ___________ to the _____________ and is a component of the _____________ of the forelimb in the horse.

Answer 8

biceps brachii m

extensor carpi radialis m passive stay apparatus

Question 9

what is the only Flexer to be inervatted by the radial nerve?

Answer 9

ulnaris lateralis

Question 10

In the horse, there is an accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor, called the __________ , extending from the ______ to the tendon of the ____________. This ligament is a component of the ____________ .

Answer 10

proximal check ligament
radius
superficial digital flexor
passive stay apparatus

Question 11

In the horse, there is an accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor, ______________, extending from ________ to the tendon of the __________. This ligament is a component of the _____________.

Answer 11

distal check ligament
MC III
deep digital flexor
passive stay apparatus

Question 12

In the horse, there is one interosseus and it is entirely ________. It is commonly called the _______________, and just as in the dog, the interosseus tendon bifurcates to attach to the _______________ bones which are just proximal to the _______________ joint. There are medial and lateral ___________ of the interosseus that obliquely cross the sides of the ___________ bone and extend to the ___________ to unite with the tendon of the ____________.

Answer 12

tendinous
suspensory ligament
two proximal sesamoid 
metacarpophalangeal 
extensor branches 
long pastern 
dorsal surface 
common digital extensor m

Question 13

what is the process called at the distal end of the scapular spinal process in the cat?

Answer 13

Hamate process

Question 14

In the cat what is the name of the process that would be comparable to the acromion in the dog?

Answer 14

suprahamate process

Question 15

In the cat, there is a __________ through which the brachial artery and median nerve run through called? it is located on the ______ aspect of the distal ________.
Unlike the dog, the cat does not have a ______________ directly proximal to the condyle.

Answer 15

supracondylar foramen

medial ; humerus

Question 16

in the horse the _________ is used at the proximal humerus to “lock” the __________ in a flexion state.

Answer 16

intertabercular groove

lacertus fibrosis

Question 17

the horse has _____ acromion but the cow ______.

the horse has a process in the mid scapular spine called ?

Answer 17

No, does

tuber spinea

Question 18

what digigrade and unguli grade mean and who uses which?

Answer 18

digigrade = bare weught on the toes- dog+cat

unguli grade = bare weight on the distal digit - horse n cow

Question 19

what are the 3 processes of the humerus that are more pronounced in the horse than in the dod?

Answer 19

deltoid tuberosity and the teres major tuberosity
the proximal n distal intermediate tubercules
note the greater tubercule of the horse in divided into cranial n caudle.

Question 20

true or false the horse can’t pronate or supinate?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

the _______ of the horse interacts with the radius

Answer 21

humerus no ulnar involvement

the ulna does not bare weight

Question 22

the 2 syloid processes of the radius of the horse are on the proximal or distal end?

Answer 22

distal- labeled medial n lateral styloid processes

Question 23

in the horse what are the bones of the proximal carpus are?

what about the distal row

Answer 23

medial –> lateral
radial intermediate ulnar and accessory
+/- I, II, III, IV

Question 24

in the horse the distal carpel bones that sit over the splint bones are?

Answer 24

distal metacarpal bone II sits solely on the medial splint bone - the makes the horse prone to injury to the suspensory (pop splint bone); III + IV share contact with the lateral splint do to horse behavior trauma is a common injury to this site.

Question 25

omobrachialis

Answer 25

same as the cutaneous trunci muscle in the dog

- twitches skin

Question 26

how does the stay apparatus work in the horse’s foreleg?

Answer 26

via lacertus fibrosis which will inserts on the proximal cannon bone by running down the bicept brachii holding the shoulder in extention and the extensor carpi radials holding the carpus and in an extension state. along side the ECR the Common digital extensor, which inserts on the extensor surface of P3 will hold the carpus, fetlock and the pastern joints in a extended state as well.
the caudal side is held in flexion by the stretching of the SDFT and the DDFT. the proximal and distal check ligaments prevent further hyperextension of the fetlock with the aid of the suspensory ligament which inserts on the sesimoid bones b4 joining the common digital extensor, and the strait oblique, cruciate ligaments prevent further hyperextension of the pastern joints in conjunction with the SDFT and DDFT.

Question 27

where does the hoof grow from?

Answer 27

coronary band below the peroioplc

Question 28

peroioplc is the __________ of the horse hoof.

Answer 28

most proximal region

Question 29

the deep palmar carpel ligament gives rise to the ___________ ligament in the horse.

Answer 29

suspensory ligament