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Equine Science > Equine Nutrition - Ranvet > Flashcards

Equine Nutrition - Ranvet Flashcards

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1
Q

Ranvet

A

Formulation of nutritional supplements based on scientific evidence and extensive research and field work

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2
Q

Ranvet services

A
  1. Diet evaluation and formulation
  2. Consultation, advice and recommendations
  3. Racing/performance/stud nutrition
  4. Pasture and grain analysis service
  5. Gastric video endoscopy service
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3
Q

Influence of Digestive System design on feeding

A
  • Ideally suited for small forage-type meals
  • Works well with continuous feeding
  • Large carb meals may induce laminitis or colic
  • Forage should be the main diet component
  • Concentrate feeds supplemental
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4
Q

Factors that influence digestibility

A
  • Type of feedstuff
  • Maturity of feedstuff
  • Processing of feed
  • Quantity fed
  • Frequency of feeding
  • Rate of passage
  • Compounds that influence digestibility
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5
Q

Rules of thumb (9)

A
  1. Can consume up to 2-2.5% of body weight daily
  2. Body weight determined by weight tape
  3. Diet must contain at least 1% of body weight as roughage
  4. Must have free access to water and mineral blocks
  5. Switch feed type or quantity slowly
  6. Feed by weight not volume
  7. Avoid “cutting” balanced rations
  8. feed on regular schedule at even intervals
  9. Ca:P ratio of 2:1
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6
Q

Factors affecting nutritional requirements (5)

A
  1. Class of horse
  2. Nutrient requirements
  3. Type of roughage to be fed
  4. Determine how much of the requirements are met by the forage
  5. Determine nutrient shortages and select concentrate feeds accordingly
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7
Q

Importance of electrolytes for horses in work

A
  1. Osmotic pressure and body fluid balance
  2. Nerve and muscle activity
  3. Thirst response
  4. Maintenance of suitable blood pH
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8
Q

Thirst response and electrolytes

A

Thirst is initiated by low blood volume/high blood electrolyte concentration at which point the horse is dehydrated
- if a horse is dehydrated but has low salt conc in blood, it won’t be thirsty

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9
Q

Important electrolytes (5)

A
  1. Sodium
  2. Chloride
  3. Potassium
  4. Magnesium
  5. Calcium
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10
Q

Importance of sodium (4)

A
  1. Nervous system function
  2. electrical charge in muscle tissue
  3. acid-base balance
  4. osmotic regulation and glucose transport
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11
Q

Importance of Chloride (2)

A
  1. Acid-base balance

2. osmotic regulation

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12
Q

Importance of potassium (3)

A
  1. acid-base balance
  2. osmotic balance
  3. neuromuscular excitability
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13
Q

Importance of Magnesium (2)

A
  1. Enzyme activator

2. Participates in muscle contraction

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14
Q

Importance of calcium (4)

A
  1. Muscle contraction
  2. blood coagulation
  3. enzyme regulation
  4. cell membrane function
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15
Q

Implications of excessive electrolyte loss:

A
  1. Tying-up
  2. Dehydration
  3. Acidosis.alkalosis
  4. Suppressed thirst response
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16
Q

Muscle fatigue

A
  • Primary cause of poor racing performance
17
Q

Factors contributing to muscle fatigue

A
  • Lactic acid accumulation
  • Poor blood volume and O2 carrying capacity
  • Insufficient energy provision
  • Poor muscle condition
18
Q

Impact of blood volume and oxygen carrying capacity on muscle fatigue

A
  • Aerobic glyolysis is more efficient process than anaerobic glycolysis
  • Haemoglobin binds O2 and transports it
  • Therefore important to maximise blood volume and O2 carrying capacity of haemoglobin
19
Q

Impact of energy provision and utilisation on muscle fatigue (3)

A

Energy required for:

  1. muscular contractions during exercise
  2. growth and development
  3. maintenance of body condition
20
Q

Optimising energy provision and utilisation

A
  1. Energy must be provided in suitable levels to meet requirements
  2. Energy source must be digestible
  3. Suitable adaptation and enzyme production is required for breakdown
21
Q

B-Group vitamins (4)

A
  1. ability to metabolise energy
  2. hormone and enzyme production, RBC production
  3. Rapidly utilised during intense exercise
  4. Insufficient levels will cause a horse to feel flat and increase potential for muscle fatigue
22
Q

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS) (3)

A
  1. Various types of lining erosion or ulcerations of the stomach
  2. stomach acid build up and irritation/ulceration of the lining
  3. highly painful - neg impact on health and performance
  4. Not breed or discipline specific
23
Q

Reducing the potential for equine gastric ulcer syndrome

A
  1. Treated with pharmacological therapy
  2. Ensure minimum 1% body weight in roughage/day
  3. Feed several small meals/day
  4. Check teeth regularly to ensure adequate chewing
24
Q

What is tying up?

A
  1. Stiff or reluctant to move due to pain originating from the muscle groups within the back, pelvis and hind=limbs
  2. Types: RER and PSSM
  3. May be accompanied by excessive sweating, increased heart rate and respiratory rate
25
Q

Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomolysis (4)

A
  1. Common in Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds and Arabians
  2. Inability to regulate electrolyte levels in skeletal muscle, affecting muscle contration
  3. more prevalent in fillies with alert temperatmets
  4. High performance exercise in hot, humid climates can elicit sporadic ER due to fluid and electrolyte loss
26
Q

Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy

A
  1. Common in quarter horse related breeds, draft horses and warmbloods
  2. Heritable trait - results in insulin sensitivity and the abnormal accumulation of glycogen within skeletal muscle
  3. May be identified by muscle biopsy and presence of abnormally high glycogen concentration
  4. Accumulation of sugars within the muscle tissue may occur gradually over a period of up to 18 months
27
Q

Indicators of tying up (3)

A
  1. poor performance, reluctance to move
  2. blood creatine kinase levels
  3. clinical signs usually arise shortly after the commencement of exercise
28
Q

Causes of Equine Gastric Ulcer Sydrome (5)

A
  1. Stress
  2. Insufficient roughage
  3. infrequent feeding
  4. long distance transportation
  5. exercise on empty stomach
29
Q

Clinical signs of equine gastric ulcer syndrome (5)

A
  1. Reduced appetite
  2. Picky feeding behaviour
  3. Loss of body weight and condition
  4. dull coat
  5. anaemia
30
Q

Recommendations for tying up

A
  1. investigate changes in energy expenditure or routine
  2. check electrolytes
  3. check energy intake and starch intake
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Equine Science (5 decks)

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