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Equine Science > Disease and Injury > Flashcards

Disease and Injury Flashcards

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1
Q

Injuries most likely to see in horses

A
  1. Fence injuries
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2
Q

Role of bandaging (6)

A
  1. Support
  2. Control haemorrhage
  3. Clean
  4. reduce swelling
  5. Protection
  6. Immobilisation
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3
Q

DOD: contracted tendons

A
  • may heal on own
  • split to hold leg straight
  • shoeing
  • surgery (poor prognosis)
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4
Q

Club foot

A
  • aquired - bone growing too fast
  • stretch tendon
  • trimming and toe extensions
  • Surgery for extreme cases
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5
Q

JOCC/OCD

A
  • mechanical force on growing joints
  • diet
  • genetic predisposition
  • Surgical debridement
  • regernerative medicine
  • Rest, NSAID, diet
  • on or under bone surface in joint
  • subchondral (deep within surface)
  • at physes (growth plates)
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6
Q

Shin-soreness (bucked shins)

A
  • lame, sore on palpation, swelling
  • normal bone remodelling when first worked fast
  • new bone prone to microfractures

treatments:

  • ice/cold therapy
  • bandaging for a few days
  • bute
  • reduce training/turn out
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7
Q

splints

A
  • bony lumps - bone laid down over small fractures
  • concussion or rapid growth causes splint bones to pull away from cannon
  • rest
  • ice/cold therapy
  • topical anti-inflammatories
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8
Q

bowed tendon

A
  • swelling, heat in the leg and lame, can be serious
  • rest (months
  • slow hand walking
  • ice/cold therapy
  • bandaging
  • NSAID
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9
Q

ringbone

A
  • common in older horses
  • abnormal new bone growth
  • lameness, swelling, heat, irregular to touch
  • quick stops and turns at speed
  • prevent further join movement
  • don’t often get better
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10
Q

DJD: OA (osteoathiritis)

A
  • join inflammation
  • hot, swollen & painful
  • trauma
  • infection
  • repeated wear and tear

Shouldn’t see it until they’re a bit older (20s) but younger in thoroughbreds

  • damaged tissue removed
  • rest
  • cold water therapy
  • NSAID
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11
Q

Caudal heel pain

A
  • inflammation of navicular bone and surrounding tissues (DDFT)
  • compression of bone
  • tension under DDFT
  • toe first landing
  • conformation
  • trimming and shoeing
  • pain and inflammation treatment
  • surgery
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12
Q

Laminits

A
  • inflammation of the sensitive lamina
  • acute - colic, endotoxaemia, nutritional, mechanical, sepsis (blood infection)
  • chronic - overweight, hormonal
  • Stop inflammation
  • ice/cold water, painkillers, antiinflammatories
  • diet
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13
Q

Equine influenza

A
  • isolate and rest, quarantine, antibiotics to prevent secondary infection
  • short incubation (1-5 days )
  • serious for those that are already immunocompromised)
  • pyrexia
  • depression
  • inappentance
  • nasal discharge
  • coughing
    usually resolves in 3-6 weeks
  • inhalation
  • vaccination
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14
Q

Equine herpes viruses (EHV)

EHP1 and EHP4

A 
EHP1
fever
inapetance
nasal discharge
ocular disease

EHP4
Casues abortion also

Vaccination available but not very effective

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15
Q

Strangles

A 
pyrexia
depression 
inappetance 
nasal discharge
coughing

highly contagious, characterised by abseces that form under the throat due to infected lymphnodes

controversy about using antibiotics

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16
Q

Rattles

A

1-6 month olds

respiratory infection —> lung abscesses

fever, increased respiration, poor weight gain, greeny-white nasal discharge, couch

prolonged antibiotics to help fight of infections, IV fluids, reduction in dust

17
Q

Hendra

A

Vaccine, PPE, quarantine

can die within 48 hours of first symptoms

  • flue/respiratory/pneumonia
  • encephalitis, headaches, fever, convulsion, coma
  • ataxia, head tilt, circling
  • they are changing!
18
Q

Recurrent Laryngeal neuropathy (RLN)

A

degeneration of the laryngeal nerve

more common as the horses get older

19
Q

Heaves (recurrent airway obstruction)

A 
Inflammatory cascade:
airway inflammation 
increased airway discharge 
neutrophils in airway 
Bronchospasm

causes poor performance, difficulty breathing
often hear wheezing

20
Q

Parasites

A

resistance to wormers increasingly becoming a problem

paddock rotation, rest, species rotation

21
Q

Cushings disease

A

mainly seen in older ponies

hirsuitism
weightloss
lethargy
laminitis

pituitary tumours alter hormone production

clinical signs, hormone testing

use drugs to inhibit activity of the tumor

laminitis is one of the side effects

22
Q

Equine metabolic syndrome

A

extra fat with abnormal distrubution
insulin resistance
predisposition to laminitis

Middle aged horses and ponies
treat laminitis symptoms

soaking hay to get rid of water soluble carbs
feeding high fibre low calorie feeds

23
Q

Sarcoids

A

Main sites include head, ventral abdomen, udder, sheath, inner thigh, distal limbs

appear in young adult horses
genetic predisposition?
fibroblastic skin tumours

24
Q

Melanoma

A

More common in greys
main sites - perineal and parotid areas
usually as horse ages

benign or malignant

25
Q

Ringworm

A

fungal infection
can infect humans as well as horses

use antifungals
prefers damp conditions

diganised by distinct round marks

can be itchy but not serious
Can get it more than once

26
Q

QLD itch/sweet itch , IBH

A

hypersensitivity of insect bites

stable through dusk and dawn
mane and tail head

likes warmth: summer or all year round in warm climates

best way to look after
rug with light canvas rug during summer to keep rain off and bugs out

can be difficult to get it to heal

27
Q

Rain scald

A

bacterial infection
likes warm, tropical areas
carried by flies, brushes, rugs etc

28
Q

CVS: wobbler syndrome

A

narrowing of vertabley column compressing the spinal cord

ataxia, paresis, paralysis
prone to hurting themselves

genetics 
diet 
rapid growth 
physical trauma 
combination
29
Q

tetnus and botulism

A

botulism - toxin that can cause flacid paralysis

more a problem in places where they feed silage

30
Q

Tying up

A

genetics and diet

many syndromes; RER, PSSM, GBED, HYPP

can be managed - manipulate exercise, diet, stress

muscle craping, often associated with exercise

Equine Science (5 decks)

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