Equine Musculoskeletal 4 Flashcards
What are the 4 muscle groups of the hip and thigh?
gluteals, hamstrings, adductors, quadriceps
List the 4 gluteal mm.
tensor fascia latae, superficial gluteal, middle gluteal, deep gluteal
Where does the middle gluteal insert?
third trochanter
Tensor fasciae latae action
flex hip
Superficial gluteal action
flex hip
Middle gluteal action
extend hip
Deep gluteal action
flex hip
What is the origin of the hamstrings?
caudal vertebra and sacrosciatic ligament and ischial tuberosity
List the hamstrings
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
What are the adductors
sartorius, gracilis, adductor, pectineus
What additional action does sartorius have other than adduct the hip?
flexes hip
List the 4 heads of quadriceps femoris
vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius
Insertion of the heads of quadriceps femoris
vastus lateralis- femur
vastus medialis- femus
rectus femoris- coxal bone
vastus intermedius- femur
Actions of the heads of quadriceps femoris
vastus lateralis- extends stifle
vastus medialis- extends stifle
rectus femoris- extends stifle and flexes hip
vastus intermedius- extends stifle
Insertion of the heads of quadriceps femoris
on patella or parapatellar cartilage
Craniolateral muscles of the leg
cranial tibial, long digital extensor, lateral digital extensor
Long digital extensor OIA
O: extensor fossa femur
I: extensor process P3
A:
Lateral digital extensor OIA
O:
I:
A:
What is the fibrous strand of connective tissue that runs with cranial tibial m. and long digital extensor m.
peroneus tertius
What is the functional significance of peroneus tertius?
crosses stifle and hock, ensures they have the same action at the same time (reciprocal apparatus)
What does the cranial tibial tendon divide into?
medial branch- cunean tendon
dorsal tendon of cranial tibial m.
What does peroneus tertius divide into
dorsal tendon of peroneus teritus
lateral tendon of peroneus tertius
Where does the cunean tendon insert
tarsal I/II
Where does the dorsal tendon of peroneus tertius insert
metatarsal tuberosity of the cannon bone
Where does the lateral tendon of peroneus tertius insert
tarsal IV
Which tendon of the hock has a bursa?
cunean tendon
List the long digital extensor retinaculum from proximal to distal
proximal extensor retinaculum->middle extensor retinaculum->distal extensor retinaculum
List the caudal muscles of the crus
popliteus, gastrocnemius, soleus, SDF, DDF
What makes up the common calcaneal tendon
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, soleus, SDF
Where does gastrocnemius insert?
calcanean tuber
Where does SDF insert
flexor surfaces of P1 and P2
What is the purpose of the reciprocal apparatus?
makes sure the stifle and hock do the same action at the same time
List the heads of the DDF
medial, lateral, tibial heads
Which flexor has a check ligament?
DDF has reduced distal check ligament
Where does DDF insert
P3
How many bursa does tarus have
calcaneal bursa under SDF, bursa under DDF, cunean ligament bursa
What binds down tendons
retinacula
What is the stay apparatus
patella is brought proximally over medial trochlea ridge of femur and locks into place
What prevents hyperextension and collapse of MCP, PIP, and DIP joints
distal limb soft tissue structures
