equine MSK Flashcards
radiographic marker placement
By convention, the metallic
markers are always placed:
* Dorsal/cranial aspect
* Lateral aspect
distal limb terminology planes
proximal limb planes
head plane terminology
what view is this?
dorsopalmer
what views is this
lateromedial
what views is this
DORSOLATERAL-PALMAROMEDIAL
DLPMO
what view is this
DORSOMEDIAL-PALMAROLATERAL
DMPLO
foot preparation
-you must clean out hoof/ frog or could lead to artifact
Standard radiographic views of horse hoof
lateromedial foot positioning
Dorsopalmar/plantar (DP) positioning
Dorso-65º-proximal
palmaro/plantaro-distal (D65P-PaD)
Palmaroproximal-palmarodistal
(navicular skyline)
Standard radiographic views of the fetlock joint
Lateromedial (LM) and Flexed LM
Dorsopalmar/plantar (DP)
standard carpus rad views
Dorsopalmar (DP) carpus positioning
lateromedial LM carpus positioning
Flexed LM carpus rads
standard tarsal radiographic views
dorsoplantar DP tarsal joint rads
Dorsolateral-plantaromedial tarsal positioning (oblique)
-dorsoLATERAL-PLANTAROmedial
Whatever is in the center is isolated together
-important distal intermediate ridge of tibia highlighted in orange, horses can get Osteochondrosis here so important structure**
normal anatomical variants of horse tarsus
-dont mistake for osteophyte which are non common in proximal intertarsal joint
-normal varient
-flattenening and concave depression on lateral trocheal tali
standard views of the stifle
lateral medial stifle view positioning
caudocranial view of stifle
-20 degree proximal angel so no longer parallel to the ground so that it is easier to place cassette inbetween horse flank
-patella is more lateral in horses to the femur*
-Normal concavity of femoral condyles, the concave condyle is the medial one
-Medial eminence of the intercondular eminance is larger than the lateral**
caudolateral-craniomedial oblique stifle positioning
-isolates femoral condyles
-everything lateral is projecting cranially
standard rad views of the head
lateral-lateral head rad positioning
-cant fit whole head in one view so take some in area of interest more cranial or more caudal
horses basisphenoid-basioccipital bone
-space between bones (suture) will be seen until 5 years old
-trauma can cause avulsion fracture in this region
horse head dorsoventral view positioning
-may need to take multiple depending on are of interest
Oblique views (Latero-30-dorsal-lateroventral) positioning horse head
- to isolate Left maxillary teeth
Oblique views (Latero-30-ventral-laterodorsal)
- isolating L mandibular teeth
standard cervical spine views
-start caudally then move cranially to get rads of all cervical vertebra
Ultrasound of tendon and ligaments horses label proxmal level 1
A: Skin
B: SDFT
C: DDFT
D: Check
E: Suspensory
ultrasound of tendons and ligaments distal limb level 3c label
1: Intersesamoidean
ligament
2: Proximal sesamoid bones
3: DDFT
4: SDFT
5: Palmar/plantar annular
ligament
anatomy of tendoms and ligaments from proximal to distal
Proximal MC3/MT3
* SDFT most superficial -> DDFT -> check -> suspensory Mid
MC3/MT3
mid MC3/MT3: * Check ligament joins DDFT
Distal MC3/MT3:
* SDFT most superficial -> DDFT -> suspensory
* Suspensory ligament divide into two branches
-flattens out
lesion assessment of tendons and ligements what to look at and how
- Size
- Shape
- Echogenicity
- Both longitudinal and cross-
sectional area - Non-weight bearing, off angle
- Comparison with contralateral
side - Acute vs. chronic
- ACUTE: enlargement, hypoechoic
- CHRONIC: hyperechoic areas
