equine forelimb anatomy

Question 1

what is the chestnut

Answer 1

vestigial horn pad
1st metacarpal bone

Question 2

structure of ulna and radius in horses

Answer 2

fused
no rotation
no annular ligament
triceps muscle only 3 heads

Question 3

what is the bursa

Answer 3

fluid filled cushion that protects the tendons

Question 4

where is the tricipital bursa

Answer 4

between tendon and olecranon process

Question 5

where is the subcutaneous bursa

Answer 5

between skin and tendon of insertion of triceps

Question 6

what is the carpal bone that is not present in horses

Answer 6

1st

Question 7

what passes through the carpal canal of the horse

Answer 7

DDFT AND SDFT

Question 8

function of tendon sheath

Answer 8

protects tendon in confined spaces

Question 9

what is the weight bearing bone

Answer 9

3rd metacarpal = cannon bone

Question 10

what are the 2nd and 4th mc bones called

Answer 10

splint bones

Question 11

structure of proximal phalanx

Answer 11

long pastern bone
raised V on palmar surface

Question 12

structure of middle phalanx

Answer 12

short pastern bone

Question 13

what extensor attaches to coffin bone

Answer 13

common digital extensor

Question 14

dorsal surface of coffin bone

Answer 14

striations - hoof attachment and blood vessels

Question 15

function of proximal sesamoids

Answer 15

protect SDFT and DDFT

Question 16

what is the navicular bone

Answer 16

distal sesamoid
2 flat articular surfaces
covered with hyaline cartilage
cancellous centre
vascular channels

Question 17

what is navicular disease syndrome

Answer 17

erodes with age
bone dissolves

Question 18

what is the fetlock

Answer 18

MC3 and PP
synovial joint

Question 19

movement of fetlock

Answer 19

natural position is extension
limited to flexion and extension

Question 20

function of suspensory ligaments

Answer 20

prevent collapse of fetlock during weight bearing
return fetlock from from hyperextension to normal extended position

Question 21

what are the 4 sesamoidean ligaments

Answer 21

cruciate
short
oblique ligament
straight ligament

Question 22

what does function of the metacarpal phalangeal joint (fetlock) rely on

Answer 22

interaction between
suspensory ligament
proximal sesamoids
sesamoidean ligaments
common digital extensor tendon

Question 23

what is the proximal interphalangeal joint

Answer 23

pastern joint
in between proximal and middle phalanx
limited to flexion and extension

Question 24

what is the distal interphalangeal joint

Answer 24

coffin joint buried within hoof
composed of middle p and distal p
distal sesamoid and dp
distal sesamoid mp
flexion and extension some rotation

Question 25

what separates the DIP joint from the navicular bursa

Answer 25

impar ligament

Question 26

function of lateral/ungual cartilages

Answer 26

shock absorption

Question 27

extensor tendons

Answer 27

common digital extensor lateral digital extensor

Question 28

flexor tendons

Answer 28

SDFT DDFT

Question 29

what is the scutum

Answer 29

cartilage shield that allows smooth passage for tendons

Question 30

function of annular ligament

Answer 30

hold DDFT and SDFT against bones