Equine forelimb Flashcards
Dogs and cats are digitigrade. What are horses?
Unguligrade
Which is the weight bearing digit of the horse?
3rd digit, distal phalanx
What is the chestnut? Where is it located?
Vestigia hornpad
1st metacarpal
What is the ergot? Where is it located?
Horny lump
Fetlock - hidden by feathers
What is the fetlock joint?
Metacarpo-phalangeal joint
What is the lacertus fibrosis?
Fibrous extension of biceps brachii
Where does the lacertus fibrosis insert?
Proximal metacarpal 3
What is the function of the laceratus fibrosis?
Part of stay apparatus
Maintains shoulder and carpus in extension
What is different about the radius and ulna in a horse compared to a dog?
Radius and ulna fused
No annular/interosseus ligaments
What ligaments are present in the radius and ulna of a horse?
Collateral
How many heads are in the triceps of a horse?
3
What bursas (fluid filled cushions, protect tendons) are in the horse?
Tricipital bursa
Subcutaneous bursa
Where is the tricipital bursa located?
Between tendon and olecranon process
Where is the subcutaneous bursa located?
Between skin and tendons of tricep insertion
Which joint has the most movement in a horse?
Antebrachiocarpal joint
Which joint has the least movement in the horse?
Carpo-metacarpal joint
What supports the carpal joint?
Collateral ligaments
Plamar fibrocartilaginous plate
Palmar ligament
Retinaculum
What is the fibrocartilaginous plate the origin of?
Check ligament of DDFT
What runs through the carpal canal in the horse?
Both SDFT and DDFT in one tendon sheath
What is the largest metacarpus bone?
3rd carpus = cannon
Is the first metacarpus present?
Vestigial or absent
What ridge is present on the cannon bone?
Sagittal ridge
What are the 2nd and 4th metacarpals called?
Splint boes
What type of bones are the proximal and middle phalanx?
Proximal = long pastern bone Middle = short pastern bone
What ligament is on the proximal phalanx?
Distal sesamoidean ligament
What is the distal phalanx called?
Pedal or coffin bone
Why does the dorsal surface of the coffin bone have striations?
For hoof attachments and bood vessels
What process is on the pedal/coffin bone? What is this for?
Extensor process
Attachment of common digital extensor tendon
How many ossification are present in the manus (metacarpals?
2 on proximal and middle
1 on coffin/distal
Do horses have proximal and dorsal sesamoid bones?
No dorsal
Only proximal
What shape are the proximal sesamoids in the horse? What are they embedded in?
Triangular
Suspensory ligament
What is the function of the proximal sesamoids?
Protect SDFT and DDFT
What is the navicular bone? What is it covered in?
Round sesamoid bone at DIP joint
Hyaline cartilage
What happens to the navicular bone over time?
Erodes with age
Navicular disease syndrome
What type of joint is the metacarpo-phalangeal joint? (Fetlock)
Synovial joint
Extensive capsule
What 2 main ligaments support the fetlock?
Suspensory ligament (interossesu in dogs) Sesamoidean ligaments (consists of 3 ligaments)
What make up the sesamoidan ligaments of the fetlock?
Intersesamoidean ligament
Collateral ligaments
Distal ligaments
What is the proximal shield over the intersesamoidean ligament?
Scutum (proximal)
What are the 4 distal ligaments?
Short
Cruciate
Oblique
Straight
