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Forelimb > Equine forelimb > Flashcards

Equine forelimb Flashcards

1
Q

Dogs and cats are digitigrade. What are horses?

A

Unguligrade

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2
Q

Which is the weight bearing digit of the horse?

A

3rd digit, distal phalanx

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3
Q

What is the chestnut? Where is it located?

A

Vestigia hornpad

1st metacarpal

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4
Q

What is the ergot? Where is it located?

A

Horny lump

Fetlock - hidden by feathers

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5
Q

What is the fetlock joint?

A

Metacarpo-phalangeal joint

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6
Q

What is the lacertus fibrosis?

A

Fibrous extension of biceps brachii

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7
Q

Where does the lacertus fibrosis insert?

A

Proximal metacarpal 3

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8
Q

What is the function of the laceratus fibrosis?

A

Part of stay apparatus

Maintains shoulder and carpus in extension

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9
Q

What is different about the radius and ulna in a horse compared to a dog?

A

Radius and ulna fused

No annular/interosseus ligaments

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10
Q

What ligaments are present in the radius and ulna of a horse?

A

Collateral

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11
Q

How many heads are in the triceps of a horse?

A

3

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12
Q

What bursas (fluid filled cushions, protect tendons) are in the horse?

A

Tricipital bursa

Subcutaneous bursa

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13
Q

Where is the tricipital bursa located?

A

Between tendon and olecranon process

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14
Q

Where is the subcutaneous bursa located?

A

Between skin and tendons of tricep insertion

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15
Q

Which joint has the most movement in a horse?

A

Antebrachiocarpal joint

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16
Q

Which joint has the least movement in the horse?

A

Carpo-metacarpal joint

17
Q

What supports the carpal joint?

A

Collateral ligaments
Plamar fibrocartilaginous plate
Palmar ligament
Retinaculum

18
Q

What is the fibrocartilaginous plate the origin of?

A

Check ligament of DDFT

19
Q

What runs through the carpal canal in the horse?

A

Both SDFT and DDFT in one tendon sheath

20
Q

What is the largest metacarpus bone?

A

3rd carpus = cannon

21
Q

Is the first metacarpus present?

A

Vestigial or absent

22
Q

What ridge is present on the cannon bone?

A

Sagittal ridge

23
Q

What are the 2nd and 4th metacarpals called?

A

Splint boes

24
Q

What type of bones are the proximal and middle phalanx?

A 
Proximal = long pastern bone
Middle = short pastern bone
25
Q

What ligament is on the proximal phalanx?

A

Distal sesamoidean ligament

26
Q

What is the distal phalanx called?

A

Pedal or coffin bone

27
Q

Why does the dorsal surface of the coffin bone have striations?

A

For hoof attachments and bood vessels

28
Q

What process is on the pedal/coffin bone? What is this for?

A

Extensor process

Attachment of common digital extensor tendon

29
Q

How many ossification are present in the manus (metacarpals?

A

2 on proximal and middle

1 on coffin/distal

30
Q

Do horses have proximal and dorsal sesamoid bones?

A

No dorsal

Only proximal

31
Q

What shape are the proximal sesamoids in the horse? What are they embedded in?

A

Triangular

Suspensory ligament

32
Q

What is the function of the proximal sesamoids?

A

Protect SDFT and DDFT

33
Q

What is the navicular bone? What is it covered in?

A

Round sesamoid bone at DIP joint

Hyaline cartilage

34
Q

What happens to the navicular bone over time?

A

Erodes with age

Navicular disease syndrome

35
Q

What type of joint is the metacarpo-phalangeal joint? (Fetlock)

A

Synovial joint

Extensive capsule

36
Q

What 2 main ligaments support the fetlock?

A 
Suspensory ligament (interossesu in dogs)
Sesamoidean ligaments (consists of 3 ligaments)
37
Q

What make up the sesamoidan ligaments of the fetlock?

A

Intersesamoidean ligament
Collateral ligaments
Distal ligaments

38
Q

What is the proximal shield over the intersesamoidean ligament?

A

Scutum (proximal)

39
Q

What are the 4 distal ligaments?

A

Short
Cruciate
Oblique
Straight

Forelimb (7 decks)

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