Bones - SA Flashcards by Olivia Jones

What are the regions of the forelimb?

Omo - shoulder 
Brachium 
Antebrachium 
Carpus
Manus 
Digits

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The scapula glides over the thorax at what point? Where is this?

Pivotal point

Half way down the scapula

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What muscles attach the forelimb to the body?

Serratus ventralis

Subscapularis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is different about the scapula of a cat? (3)

Rounded cranial border
Suprahamate process
Cats have bony remnant of clavicle, dogs have cartilaginous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many ossification centres does the scapula have?

2 - body and supraglenoid tubercle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which part of the scapula is not palpable?

Caudal border - beneath muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the name of the synsarcosis (fleshy, muscular joint) between the forelimb and the thorax?

Omothoracic junction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of joint is the shoulder joint? What about it is different from the typical joint features?

Synovial

Poorly developed collateral ligaments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the bicipital bursa? What does it wrap around?

Extension of joint capsule into inter tubercular groove

Tendon of biceps brachii

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What ligament holds the bicipital bursa in place?

Transverse ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which muscle wraps around the musculospiral groove of the humerus?

Brachialis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What passes through the supratrochlear foramen in dogs? When might this foramen not be present?

Nothing

Short legged dogs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What passes through the supracondylar foramen in cats?

Brachial artery

Median nerve

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What part of the humerus is vulnerable to fractures?

Supratrochlear foramen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many ossification centres are in the humerus?Where are they?

5 - proximal epiphysis, body, 3 on condyles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the functions of the radius and ulna bones?

Radius - short and weight bearing

Ulna - long and for leverage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What keeps the radial notch of the ulna in contact with the radius?

Annular ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Is the ulna or radius most medial?

Proximal - ulna most medial

Distal - radius most medial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What ligament is found between the radius and ulna (interosseous space)?

Interosseus ligament

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is different about the ante brachium in cats?

Radius and ulna similar diameter

Square olecranon

Why do ulna fractures not always need repairing?

Non-weight bearing

How many ossification centres does the radius have? What are they?

3 - proximal epiphysis, body, distal epiphysis

How many ossification centres does the ulna have? What are they?

4 - anconeal, olecranon, body, distal epiphysis

What type of joint is the elbow?

Typical synovial (with collateral ligaments)

What 2 ligaments are present between the radius and ulna? Do these allow movement in cats and dogs?

Annular ligament Interosseus ligament Yes - more in cats

What type of bones are present in the forelimb (long etc)

Flat Long Short Sesamoid

How many ossification centres do bones of the carpus have?

1 | Except accessory and fused radial intermediate carpal have 2

What are the 3 joints present in the carpus?

Antebrachiocarpal joint Middle carpal joint - between proximal and distal row Carpo-metacarpal joint

Which joints in the carpus have most and least movement?

Antebrachiocarpal joint - most Middle carpal joint - some Carpo-metacarapl joint - least

What supports the palmar aspect of the carpal joint?

Fibrocartilaginous support

What is the retinaculum? What does it form?

Sleeve of deep fascia enclosing the carpus | Carpal canal

What runs through the carpal canal in small animals?

Deep digital flexor tendon (SDFT runs OUTSIDE of carpal canal) Blood vessels and nerves

What type of walkers (e.g. plantigrade) are cats and dogs?

Digitigrade

What is the dew claw?

Vestigial first digit, non weight bearing

How many ossification centres do the metacarpals have?

How many ossification centres do the proximal and middle phalanx?

How many ossification centres does the distal phalanx have?

What joints are in the manus?

Metacarpo-phalangeal joint Proximal interphalangeal joint Dital interphalangeal joint

What type of joints are in the manus? What provides stability to them?

Synovial (typical) | Collateral ligaments, sagittal ridge/groove

How many sesamoids are in the manus per digit?

2 proximal | 1 dorsal -

What is the function of the sesamoid bones?

Proximal - protect flexor tendon | Dorsal - protect extensor tendons

Are the sesamoid bones within or outside of the joint capsule?

Proximal are within joint capulse | Dorsal are outside of joint capsule

What is the horse equivalent to the interosseous muscle in dogs?

Suspensory ligament

How many interosseous muscles are there per manus? Where do they insert?

4 - split and insert onto each proximal sesamoids

How are the claws not visible in the cat?

Retracted due to strong dorsal elastic ligament and hyperextended DIP joint

Why are claws not visible in cat?

Rest in sheath so remain sharp for hunting

When are cats claws exposed?

If deep digital flexor flexes joint | If manual pressure applied to digital pad

Which bones do the DDF T and SDFT insert on?

DDFT - Proximal phalanx 1 (P1) | SDFT - P2

Why does the SDFT form a tunnel for the DDFT to pass through?

SDFT is superficial, but DDFT needs to bypass it to insert onto P1