Equine Esophagus, Stomach and Colic Esophageal Obstruction- GE

Question 1

Choke CS

Answer 1

distress, head extension, salivation, nasal discharge, lethargy/dehydration

• Food out of the nose most common dysphagia sign

Question 2

Choke TX

Answer 2

sedation (xylazine or detomidine + butorphanol), pass of NG tube, esophageal relaxation (i.e., buscopan or lidocaine)

Question 3

Should you prescribe antibiotics for an animal with choke?

Answer 3

Yes to prevent pneumonia

Question 4

Of the two types of - Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome , which is most common?

Answer 4

Squamous gastric dz

Question 5

What are the risk factors for Squamous & Glandular gastric disease?

Answer 5

Squamous – diet, exercise, environment, NSAIDs

Glandular – largely unknown

Question 6

What medication is used to treat EGUS?

Answer 6

Omeprazole orally

- with glandular disease add sucralfate or misoprostol

Question 7

What are the basic mechanisms of GI pain?

Answer 7

Distension of viscus, traction on mesentery, ischemia, inflammation

Question 8

What is the most common type of colic?

Answer 8

Large intestinal non-strangulating: gas/spasmodic, large colon impaction ◦ Most resolve in field w/one rx

Question 9

Rolling, thrashing, becoming cast, facial abrasion are…

Answer 9

Severe CS associated with colic

Question 10

When should NG intubation be done in a horse with colic?

Answer 10

Every moderate to severely painful colic

- Considered life saving

Question 11

How much fluid reflux is considered significant with NG intubation?

Answer 11

 >2-3 L reflux = significant; if > 5 L reflux, leave in tube

Question 12

What does it mean when lactate is 2x higher in effusion than the plasma?

Answer 12

Strangulation or peritonitis

Question 13

Adult equine TPR

Answer 13

T 99-101.5
P 32-44
R 12-25

Question 14

Adult Bovine TPR

Answer 14

T 101-103
P 60-90
R 15-25

Question 15

What drug is labeled for spasmatic colic?

Answer 15

Buscopan

Question 16

What are ileal impactions

Answer 16

SI non-strangulating
o Common in SE US
o Cause: Coastal Bermuda grass hay, associated with introduction of new round bale, tapeworms (common)

Question 17

What does non-strangulating peritoneal fluid look like?

Answer 17

Peritoneal fluid normal, may have slightly increased total protein & lactate similar to plasma; but will not be serosanguinous

Question 18

What is cecal impaction?

Answer 18

LI non-strangulating, can occur spontaneously, rare

- diagnosed purely rectal exam where you feel cecal distension ( right side)

Question 19

What is large colon impaction?

Answer 19

LI non-strangulating, typically feed OR sand, most at pelvic flexure, common
- can also be diagnosed with rectal exam

Question 20

What three impactions can you diagnosed with rectal?

Answer 20

1. Cecal impaction
2. Small colon impaction
3. Ileal impaction

Question 21

What clinical sign is often associated with enterolith?

Answer 21

Intermittent mild- moderate pain

Question 22

What is nephrosplenic entrapment

Answer 22

Left dorsal displacement of large colon

Question 23

What is right dorsal displacement?

Answer 23

Pelvic flexure on the right side of cecum

• detect distended LC on rectal
• may only require analgesia

Question 24

What is a toxic line?

Answer 24

observed along mm, change in darker (pink or purple) mm along the teeth.

Question 25

Why is lactate measured in abdominal fluid?

Answer 25

product of anaerobic metabolism- which is indicative of a strangulating lesion (indicative local production) when the lactate values in plasma > then blood.

Question 26

What does strangulation peritoneal fluid look like?

Answer 26

serosanguinous | incr lactate relative to blood

Question 27

What is the equivalent to GDV in horse? And who does it occur most in?

Answer 27

Large Colon Volvulus | Broodmares 30 days post farrowing