equine derm Flashcards

1
Q
  • what condition is this
  • discuss clinical appearance
A
  • epitheliogenesis imperfecta =

aplasia cutis congenita

  • it is inherited
    congenital
    simple autosomal recessive trait causing discontinuity of the epithelium in folas
  • there can be more problems than the skin eg heart problems
  • midly affected animals may develop normaly, their ulcers healing by scar formation
    *
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2
Q

what condition is this and hown do u tx it

A

Cornu cutaneum

little horns from the skin.can sx remove it

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3
Q
  • what condition is this
    *
A
  • Hyperelastosis cutis is a congenital connective tissue abnormality that has been described in arabs and quater horses bt has been seen in other breeds incidentally

the skin is hyperelastic(usually on the back and neck) and tears easily. wounds are slow to heal or fail to heal at all. foals with this abnormality will die quickly but sometimes it only becomes clinically obvious and significant at a later age. there is no therapy but when the disease is not too extended horses may useable when txd carefully

  • more important in belgian horses
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4
Q

discuss the mechanism for Hyperelastosis cutis

A

= dermatosparaxis = Ehler-Danlos =
hyperelastosis cutis
in the Quarter horse it is an autosomal
recessive trait
gene mutation in a protein structure of
collagen (cyclophilin B mutation)
is seen in many breeds
in Quarter horse there is DNA test for
congenital and hereditary problems

took the bx and horse got more skin.
they get more big wounds wen they get wounds

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5
Q

what condition is this

A

Melanocytic nevi = congenital melanoma
in a newborn foal

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6
Q
A

ermoid cyst

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7
Q
A

dermoid cyst

in gut.can be in different places

can be removed by sx if necessary
bt heal by primary intentions

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8
Q

discuss mechanism for this dz

A

Congenital progressive lymphoedema

starts mostly with Chorioptic mange
all four limbs (often hind worse)
starts 2-4 years at plantar sides and
progresses
develop plaques, tuberous skin masses
and ulcerations
secondary infections worsen the problem
lymphangitis is common

cant tx it never try sx it gets worse

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9
Q

mechanisms for Congenital progressive lymphoedema

A

pathological degradation of elastic fibres
in the dermis and the lymphatic vessels
leads to a deficient support of the distal
lymphatics
lower elastine concentrations
affected horses have increased levels of
serum anti-elastin antibodies
lymph drainage is defective
interstitial fluid stasis and delayed
lymphatic drainage

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10
Q

which dz is this

A
  1. pemphigus foliaceus is the commonest form occuring in horses of all ages.
    clinical features includes vesiles,pustules and crusts in the body and there may be concurent signs of systemic illness eg depression, poor appetite pyrexia and limb oedema
  2. if u clean the skin u wont get the dx
  3. tx usually involves long term of high doese of corticosteroids. the px is poor for all affected horses but s somewhat better for yun yun horses where the dz is dx early and tx aggressively
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11
Q

how do u make dx for this dz

A

bx

pemphigus foliacus

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12
Q

what condition is this

A

alopecia areata

idiopathic non inflamatory skin disoder characterised by often more or less patches of alopecia.affected horses are often refered for non responsive dermatophytosis9ring worms).the skin is however grossly normal and just the hairs are missing.

the condition is symptomlessas far as the horse is concerned.
skin bx is unrewarding

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13
Q

tx for alopecia areata

A

do nothing

may heal after amny yrs

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14
Q

what condition is this

A

Erythema multiforme

it looks like uticaria
can only dx with bx

it is rare acute self limiting urticaria like dz of unknown etiology characterised by annularelevations covered with intact skin,rather like donuts under the skin. the eruptions are non pruritic and will often disappear within 1-3 mnths. there is usually a very poor response to corticosteroids therapy even at high doses

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15
Q

what condition is this

A

Reticulated leukotrichia may be related to
erythema multiforme

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16
Q

what condition is this

A

Equine sarcoidosis

equine sarcoids is described as a systemic dz associated with exfoliative dermatitis, severe wasting and sarcoidal like dermatitison only one or two lower limbs. the dz starts with scalling,crusting and thinner hair coat on the affected limb. those horses are nt systemically ill and may perform well. if untreated the dermatitis deteriorates and the crusting gets more severe. then the horse gets lame.

the dx is confirmed histopathologically in a skin bx. the px for full recovery is poor, bt on a low dose of corticosterids after an initial txment weeks with a high doses corticosteroid theses horses are useable for plesure riding

nb. no local tx should be done as the skin is already fragile

it doesnt heal

17
Q

what condition is this

A

vasculitis is nt a dx bt a symptom in which there are histological evidence of inflammatory changes in the walls of the bvs. etiology is unknown and associated with a broad spectrum of dzs

in some instances, equine cutaneous vasculitis hav been restricte to the pink skinned and white haired areas of the pasterns and face, suggesting a photo induced process.
it is common and affect mature horses bt no sex predilection.

18
Q

what are the lesions of vasculitis

A

lesions are initially erythema,oozingcrusting, erosionsand superficial ulcerations develop followed by edema.
in chronic cases the lesions develop a rough “warty” surface

vasculitis may come after other dz like influenza,strangles etc
they may be very ill, fever etc

19
Q

pathogenesis of vasculitis

A

the pathogenesis is uncertain bt it is probably an immune dz.
the dz is nt a true photosensitization

dx based on bx

20
Q

what is the lesions of this dz

A

usually manifests as transient, elevated patches known as wheals. these wheals are the result of oedema in the corium.lesion may show amber colored fluid as a result of serum leakage
when the transdudate dries thick crusts between

uticaria has multiple causes but they all cause degranulation of mast cells within the skin.

21
Q

tx for urticaria

A

tx is only indicated when the lesions are exudative (indicating a more severe response).
use corticosteroids

dnt tx unless u see oozing of serum
cnt dx uticaria by test

22
Q

what condition is this

and where does it occur

A

insect hypersensitivity

nt only mane and tail bt sometimes abdomen

it is by far the commonest cause of pruritus in a horse
there is a strong seasonality to the disorder

repeated episodes results in moderate or severe hair loss,skin theckening and even exudation with open self inflicted skin excoriation.

culicoids is the causative factor

best way to dx it is to put a horse in a clean dark more less bug free stable.in most cases the symptoms will disappear in 2-4 wks.

23
Q

signalment ,cs , dx,tx, px of atopy

A

rare, often young horses
genetically predisposed?
dominant sign is pruritus
diagnosis on exclusion of other causes
intradermal or serum ELISA tests??
treatment limited to corticosteroids
prognosis guarded,

24
Q

what causes sadle

A

it is associated with insufficient hygine but individual horsesseems to be more liableto the dz and there may be individual sensitivity or predilection.
the condition is mostly seem in late winter and early spring when there is a combination of circumstances involving a thick haircoat, lack of grooming hygyiene and dirty tack.dirt between the saddle and the skin results in irritation and inflamation. the distribution of the scabs and alopeciaare characteristic and the area may be painful.secondary bacterial infection may occur causing folliculitis.
the condition occurs in experienced horses that havent been riden for some time and now they are suddenly riden again.

tx is skin hygyine measures and rest

25
Q

what condition is this

A

vitiligo
depigmentation

horse has no problem bt the owner

vitiligo is the loss of pigment.
there is no known cause but some breeds and individual families may be more affected suggesting that there is genetic basis to the condition.the skin is otherwise normal but there is gradual ,often profound loss of pigment around the muzzle, face and eyes and sometimes also around the genitals.the depigmentation may wane and wax in intensity bt it is usually permanent.
there is no known tx

26
Q

what condition is this

A

leukoderma
/
leukotrichia

in friesian horses leukotrichia is a serious problem as horses with white hairs are nt accepted in the studbook.

27
Q

what condition is this

A

melanoderma

hyperpigmentation
=
hypermelanosis
~
lentigo

28
Q

what condition is this

A

sarborrea

Seborrhoea
primary – secondary scaling and flaking
‘primary’ – from birth on … or no known
underlying cause
‘secondary’ – result of another primary
problem (bacterial, pemphigus etc)
treatment palliative / symptomatic with
degreasing and descaling shampoos

29
Q

what condition is this

A

linear keratosis

Linear keratosis / linear alopecia
easily overlooked and poor recognised
disorder of keratinization
only a few bands of alopecia or
hyperkeratinization
no pruritus, no discomfort, although early
cases may show some discomfort
often seen later in life after clipping the
hairs
no treatment and it is only cosmetic
blemish

30
Q

what condition is this

A

?? ~ epidermal naevus
rare keratinizing skin disorder usually
restricted to the plantar metatarsal
region
doagnosis on clinical features
biopsy disappointing and may exaggerate
process
no treatment, cosmetic blemish

31
Q

what kind of tumor is this

A
32
Q

what tumor is this one

A

fibrosarcoma

33
Q

what tumor is this

A

mast cell tumor

lips=mast cell tumor
respond well to corticosteroids
bx n the horse was cured

34
Q

what tumor is this

A

lymphoma