Equine Behavior and Restraint Flashcards
Mature male horse
Stallion/stud
Mature female horse
Mare
Castrated male horse
Gelding
Newborn horse
Foal
Young male horse
Colt
Young female horse
Filly
Mature female horse used for repro
Broodmare
Parturition
Foaling
Young mare that has never had a foal
Maiden Mare
Left side of the horse
Near side
Right side of the animal
Off side
Measuring system used in horses from ground to withers
Hands
1 hand =
4 in.
Male donkey
Jack
Female donkey
Jenny
Hybrid cross between a jack and a mare
Mule
Female mule
Molly
Male mule
John
Cross between a stallion and a jenny.
Hinny
How do horses communicate?
Vocal calls and posture
Horses have the largest ____ of all mammals
eyes
Horses have monocular vision to their
sides
Horses have binocular vision
to the front
Horses see blues and greens, so they are considered
dichromatic
Seeing the whites of a horse’s eyes mean that it could be
scared or aggressive
Best indicator of a horse’s mood
Their “radar”
Displays where their attention is
Ears
What is a horse’s point of balance?
Their shoulder
If the ears are flat back, they are showing
aggression
Before striking, what may a horse do with their legs?
Hold a leg up
Horses back legs are used for
kicking
Horses front legs are used for
striking
The ________ the tail, the more alert
higher
If a horse is lashing their tail, it can mean
anger/pain
The horse’s “steering wheel”
Head
If a horse’s head is higher, they are
alert
If a horse’s head is lower, they are
submissive
Running, bucking, jumping, striking, and kicking are ways horses avoid
predators
Where are a horse’s 2 blind spots?
Directly in front of their head and directly behind them
Licking, chewing, sighing, and head lowered are signs of
submission
When a horse locks their knees in place to sleep standing up
stay apparatus
What side of the horse should you approach on?
Left
Used on acupuncture sites to release endorphins to distract the horse from a stressful situation
Twitch
What kind of twitch is used for short procedures?
Natural
Chain lead placement from least invasive to most invasive (4)
- Over the nose
- Under the chin
- Over the gums
- Through the mouth
Where should you be in relation to another person moving around a horse?
Same side
How do you move a horse through a small opening while leading?
Handler goes first
Tail restraint is utilized when dealing with
foals
You should never completely ___________ the eyes
cover
Used for restraint for repro procedures
Stocks
Normal temp
99-101.5
Normal Pulse
28-40 BPM
Normal RR
6-16 RPM
How many landmarks are used to evaluate the lungs?
3 on each side (6 total)
Normal CRT
<2.5 sec
What MM color would you see if the horse has decreased cardiac output?
Pale pink/white
What MM color would you see if the horse has bacterial septicemia or is in shock?
Brick red
What MM color would you see if the horse has ingested a toxin or is in shock?
Purple
What MM color would you see if the horse has decreased blood O2 levels or has a severe respiratory dz?
Cyanotic
What MM color would you see if there is toxins present, EIA, or a clotting dz?
Petechiations
What MM color would you see with increased bile pigments, liver dysfunction, or fasting?
Icterus
The cecum is in which quadrant of the abdomen?
R upper
Noise you hear in the gut
borborygmi
How long should you auscultate the R upper quadrant of the abdomen?
2 mins
Normal motility
+2
Hypomotility
+1
Hypermotility
+3
Where do you measure a horse for their weight?
At the heart girth
Where do you measure a horse for their height?
Ground to withers
Structure in the eye that protects it from UV light
Corpora nigra
Hoof testers are used to assess
pain in the foot
