Equine Flashcards
Colt
Male entire <4yr old (thotoughbred) or <3yr for other breeds
Mare
female >4 years old or over
Filly
female<4 years
Gelding
male horse of any age that has been castrated
Stallion
uncastrated male >4 years old
Broodmare
a mare kept for breeding
dam
mother of a horse
Sire
male parent of a horse
Horse
breeds which are over 14.2 hands at maturity
Pony
Breeds which are 14.2 hands or under at maturity
Type
used to describe horses which have a specific function
How do you measure the height of a horse
Height from the ground to the top of the withers
What are the regulatory organisations for thoroughbred racing
- British horse racing authority
- Horserace betting levy board
What limits the clinical use of drugs in horses
they are recognised as a food producing animal
Why do horses need a passport
- legal requirement
- passport issuing organisations know location of horses in the UK (important in disease outbreaks)
- records drug administration
- offical record of horse’s breeding
What age should horses be identified by a passport
after 6 months of age
What are the types of bands of feral horses
Harem/ family
Mare and offspring
Bachelor
What are the requirements for a stable
- a suitable size
- have adequate ventilation and drainage
- free from draughts/ water damage
= allow free access to water
List examples of good grassland management
- access to fresh, clean water
- access to good quality grass
- droppings removed weekly
- access to natural or articial shelter
- appropriate and well maintained fencing
- appropriate stocking density
List examples of routine pasture management
- removal of faeces
- fertilising and ‘topping’ pasture to promote root growth
- ‘rest’ paddocks in between seasons or rotate animal species
List some poisonous plants for horses
Ragwort= liver damage, often fatal signs Sycamore= toxin reduces or inhibits energy production
List common stereotypies for horses
wind-sucking
crib-biting
box-walking
weaving
List preventative health care for horses
Annual vaccinations
Farrier
Worming
Dental care
Describe annual vaccinations for horses
as a minimum horses need to vaccinated against equine influenza and tetanus. Annual boosters are needed
Describe the farrier
feet need to be trimmed and replacement shoes by a registered farrier every 4-8 weeks
List common equine diseases
Tetanus= life-threatening bacterial disease
Equine influenza= viral disease
Strangles= bacterial disease
Equine herpes virus= respiratory virus
What do you need to know to complete a passport
- recognise and describe equine coat colours
- identify and describe white facial and leg marking
- identify and describe additional characteristics and aquired marks
- identify key characteristics using the correct symbols
- use the correct pen colours when recording the above details on an equine silhouette
Where is the microchip placed in a horse
Nuchal ligament at the top of the left mid crest
What do you need to do before implanting a microchip
- always scan the neck for the presence of a microchip
- test that the microchip is working
What do you need to do after implanting the microchip
rescan the implantation site to confirm successful implantation
Bay horse
Main body can vary from light to dark. Mane, tail and lower limbs predominantly black
Brown horse
Dark brown, almost black body. Black main, tail and lower limbs
Black horse
Black body (no other colours present). Black mane, tail and lower limbs
Chestnut horse
Main body can vary from light to dark. Lower limbs can be white or the same as the body
Grey horse
Not white. Several shade/variations of grey exist. Horse will have black skin
Piebald horse
Body coat consists of irregular patches of black and white. The line of demarcation between the two colours is generally well defined
Skewbald horse
Body coat consists of large irregular patches of white and of any definite colour except black. The line of demarcation between the 2 colours in generally well defined
Cream / Cremello horse
Body coat is of cream colour, with unpigmented skin. The iris is deficient in pigment, and often doesn’t have any at all, this gives the eye a pinkish or bluish appearance
Dun
The body coat is of a cream colour, with black mane and tail
Palomino
Newly-minted gold coin colour (lighter or darker shaded are permissible), with a white/ flaxen mane and tail
Roan
Body colour is a mixture of many white and brown or chestnut hairs and the intensity of this is subject to seasonal variation
What colour pen should be used to indicate a white marking on a passport silhouette
Red ball point pen
Which pattern indicates a white marking on a passport silhouette
The white marking needs to be outlined in the sketch and lightly hatched in with diagonal lines
If a white mark has a border of mixed coloured and white hairs, how do you indicate this
To be used to describe a white marking which contains varying amounts of hairs of the general body colours
What are equine whorls
areas in which the hair changes direction or ‘flow’
Must record the presence or absence of whorls on passport
flesh mark=
patches where the pigment of the skin is absent
prophet’s thumb=
is a muscular depression seen usually in the neck, but sometimes in the shoulders and occasionally in the hindquaters
Wall eye=
when there is a lack of pigment, either partial or complete, in the iris as to give a pinkish-white or bluish-white appearance to the eye
Dorsal stripe=
a dorsal band of black hairs which extends from the withers backwards
