equilibrium

Question 1

define equilibrium

Answer 1

equilibrium is defined as the state of a reversible reaction where both the opposite reactions happen equally and simultaneously

Question 2

When is a system said to have reacted the dynamic equilibrium state?

Answer 2

When rate of forward reactions is equal to the rate of backward reactions, the system is said to have reached equilibrium.

Question 3

What is an equilibrium mixture?

Answer 3

The mixture of reactants and products in equilibrium is called as the equilibrium mixture.

Question 4

Give an example of equilibrium in human body.

Answer 4

Equilibrium between oxygen and haemoglobin during the transport of oxygen from lungs to muscles. Similar equilibria is also formed between haemoglobin and carbon di oxide that account for the toxicity of carbon di oxide.

Question 5

Explain equilibria between liquid and vapour.

Answer 5

When a liquid evaporates in a closed container, molecules with higher kinetic energy escape into vapour state. Molecules in vapour state hit the liquid surface and are retained in the liquid phase. Hence, an equilibrium is established.

Question 6

What are the three types of chemical equilibrium?

Answer 6

1. A reaction where the process proceeds to almost full completion.
2. A reaction where only small amounts of product is formed.
3. A reaction where the concentration of reactants and products is comparable.

Question 7

Explain melting point and freezing point of a pure substance.

Answer 7

For any pure substance at atmospheric pressure, the temperature at which the solid and liquid started are at equilibrium is called the normal freezing point and the normal melting point.

Question 8

What can you infer from the equilibrium between ice and water.

Answer 8

The system is in dynamic equilibrium at 273k. Both the opposing forces occur simultaneously and they occur at the same rate so the amount of ice and water remain constant.

Question 9

Explain the experimental set up used to find the vapour pressure in a system with liquid and gas equilibrium.

Answer 9

In a transparent box with a mercury manometer, calcium chloride or phosphorus penta oxide is taken as the drying agent. After a few minutes the compound is removed and the liquid is placed inside. After some time, the liquid level decreases as the mercury manometer moves according to the pressure inside.

Question 10

Explain the properties of a liquid with higher vapour pressure.

Answer 10

It is more volatile and has a lower boiling point.