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MCAT Physics & Math > Equations > Flashcards

Equations Flashcards

1
Q

Linear Motion Equations (5)

A

v = v0 + at

x = v0t + ½at2

v2 = v02 + 2ax

vavg = (v + v0)/2

x = (vavg)t

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2
Q

Static Friction

A

0 < fs < μsFN

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3
Q

Kinetic Friction

A

fk = µkFN

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4
Q

SI Unit: Newton

A

(kg • m) / s2

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5
Q

SI Unit: Joule

A

N • m

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6
Q

Work

A

W = Fd cos θ

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7
Q

Power

A

P = W / Δt

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8
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

K = ½mv2

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9
Q

SI Unit: Watt

A

J / s

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10
Q

Newton’s Third Law

A

Fb = -Fa

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11
Q

Newton’s Law of Gravitation

A

F = (Gm1m2)/ r2

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12
Q

Centripetal Acceleration

A

ac = v2 / r

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13
Q

Centripetal Force

A

Fc = (mv2) / r

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14
Q

Total Mechanical Energy

A

E = U + K

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15
Q

Work - Energy Theorem

A

W = ΔE

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16
Q

Conservation of Energy

A

ΔE = ΔU + ΔK = 0

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17
Q

Thermal Expansion

A

ΔL = αLΔT

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18
Q

Volume Expansion

A

ΔV = βVΔT

if not given, estimate β = 3α

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19
Q

Heat Gained or Lost by an object (q)

A

q = mcΔT

provided no phase change

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20
Q

Specific Heat (c)

A

c = q / mΔT

SI Units: cal / g•K

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21
Q

Heat of Transformation

A

Q = mL

provided with phase change

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22
Q

Adiabatic Process

A

Q = 0

ΔU = -W

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23
Q

Constant Volume

A

W = 0

ΔU = Q

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24
Q

Isothermal

A

ΔU = 0

Q = W

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25
Q

Density

A

ρ = m / V

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26
Q

SI Unit: Pascal

A

N / m2

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27
Q

Pressure

A

P = F / A

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28
Q

Weight

A

W = ρgV

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29
Q

Specific Gravity

A

ρsubstance / ρwater

<span>ρ</span>water = 103 kg/m3 or 1 g/cm3

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30
Q

Pressure (of fluid with uniform density in a sealed vessel)

A

P = ρgz

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31
Q

Absolute Pressure

A

P = P0 + ρgz

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32
Q

Gauge Pressure

A

Pg = P - Patm

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33
Q

Continuity Equation

A

A1v1 = A2v2

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34
Q

Dynamic Pressure of a Fluid

A

½ρv2

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35
Q

Static Pressure of a Fluid

A

P1 + ρgh1

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36
Q

Bernoulli’s Equation

A

½pv21 + P1 + ρgh1 = ½pv22 + P2 + ρgh2

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37
Q

Buoyant Force

A

Fb = ρfluidgVsubmerged = ρfluidgVfluid displaced

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38
Q

Pascal’s Principle Equations

A

P = F1 / A1 = F2 / A2

A1d1 = A2d2

W = F1d1 = F2d2

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39
Q

Coulomb’s Law

A

F = kq1q2/ r2

SI Unit: Newtons

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40
Q

Electric Field

A

E = Fe / q = kQ / r2

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41
Q

SI Units: Electric Field

A

N / C or V / m

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42
Q

Electric Potential Energy

A

U = qΔV = qEd = kQq / r

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43
Q

Electric Potential

A

V = U / q

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44
Q

Potential Difference (Voltage)

A

Voltage = W / q = kQ / r

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45
Q

SI Unit: Volt

A

J / C

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46
Q

Current

A

I = Q / Δt

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47
Q

SI Units: Ampere

48
Q

Ohm’s Law

49
Q

Resistance

A

R = ρL / A

in Ω (ohms)

50
Q

Series Circuits Equations

A

Req = R1 + R2 + R3 + …

VT = V1 + V2 + V3 + …

IT = I1 = I2 = I3

51
Q

Parallel Circuits

A

1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + …

VT = V1 = V2 = V3 = …

IT = I1 + I2 + I3 + …

52
Q

Power Dissipated by Resistors

A

P = IV = V2 / R = I2R

53
Q

Capacitance

54
Q

Capacitors in Parallel

A

Ceq = C1 + C2 + C3 + …

55
Q

Energy Stores by Capacitors

A

U = ½QV = ½CV2 = ½Q2 / C

56
Q

Capacitors in Series

A

1/Ceq = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 + …

57
Q

Wave Formulas

A

f = 1/T

v = fλ

58
Q

Angular Frequency

A

ω = 2πf = 2π / T

59
Q

String Wave Formulas

A

λ = 2L / n

(n = nodes = 1, 2, 3…)

f = nv / 2L

(n = nodes = 1, 2, 3…)

60
Q

Open Pipe Formulas

A

λ = 2L / n

(n = nodes = 1, 2, 3…)

f= nv / 2L

(n = nodes = 1, 2, 3…)

61
Q

Closed Pipes Formulas

A

λ = 4L / n

(n = nodes = 1, 3, 5…)

f = nv / 4L

(n = nodes = 1, 3, 5…)

End of a closed pipe is always a node

62
Q

Intensity of Sound

63
Q

SI Units: Intensity

64
Q

Sound Level

A

β = 10 log (I/I0)

in decibel = dB

65
Q

Increase in dB

A

Increase of 10 dB is an increase in intensity by a factor of 10 –

an increase of 20 dB is an increase in intensity by a factor of 100

66
Q

Doppler Effect

A

f’ = f (v +- vD) / (v +- vS)

Stationary source: vS = 0

Stationary detective: vD = 0

67
Q

Doppler Effect: observer and detector moving closer

A

+ sign in the numerator

  • sign in denominator
68
Q

Doppler Effect: observer and detector moving apart

A
  • sign in numerator

+ sign in denominator

69
Q

Refraction

A

n = c / v

speed of light = 3 x 108 m/s

70
Q

Snell’s Law

A

n1sinθ = n2sinθ

when n2 > n1 light bends towards the normal

when n2 < n1 light bends away from the normal

71
Q

Diffraction- location of dark fringes

A

αsinθ = nλ

(n = 1, 2, 3…)

72
Q

Optics Equation

A

1/f = 1/o + 1/i

73
Q

Magnification

A

m = -i / o

|m| < 1 - image reduced

|m| > 1 - image enlarged

|m| = 1 - image same size

inverted image has a negative m; erect image has a positve m

74
Q

Photoelectric Effect

A

E = hf = hc / λ

K = hf - W

75
Q

Half Life

A

n = n0e-λt

76
Q

Alpha Decay

77
Q

Beta-Minus Decay

78
Q

Beta-Plus Decay

79
Q

Components of Gravity on an Inclined Plane

A

Fg,parallel = mgsinθ

Fg, perpendicular = mgcosθ

80
Q

Torque (τ)

A

τ = r x F = rFsinθ

81
Q

Center of Mass Calculation

82
Q

Dot Product: Multiplying vectors to create scalar quantity

A

A • B = |A| • |B| cosθ

83
Q

Cross Product: Multiplying vectors to generate a vector

A

A x B = |A| • |B| sinθ

84
Q

Convex Mirrors

What type of image is formed by a convex mirror regardless of the position of the object?

A

Virtual Upright

85
Q

Concave Mirrors:

What is the image formed when an object is placed inside the focal length?

A

Enlarged and Virtual behind the mirror

86
Q

Converging Lenses:

  1. What is the image formed when an object is placed beyond the focal length?
  2. What is the image formed when an object is placed inside the focal length?
  3. What is the image formed if an object is placed at the focal point?
A
  1. Real and Inverted
  2. Virtual, Upright and Enlarged
  3. No image formed
87
Q

Right Hand Rule: resultant of cross product

A
  1. Start by pointing thumb in the direction of vector A
  2. Extend your fingers in the direction of vector B
  3. Your palm will then point in the direction of the resultant C
88
Q

Graviational Potential Energy

89
Q

Springs: Elastic Potential Energy

90
Q

Pulley System Efficiency

A

Efficiency = Wout / Win = (load)(load distance) / (effort)(effort distance)

91
Q

Mechanical Advantage of Simple Machines

A

Ratio of magnitudes of the force exerted on an object by a simple machine (Fout) to the force actually applied on the simple machine (Fin)

Fout / Fin

92
Q

Temperature Conversions

A

F = 9/5C + 32

K = C + 273

93
Q

SI Unit: Ohm (Ω)

94
Q

SI Unit: Farad

95
Q

SI Unit: Tesla

96
Q
  1. 3½
  2. 2½
97
Q

Critical Speed

A

vc = NRη / ρD

NR is a dimensionless constant that will be given, η is the viscocity of the fluid, ρ is the density of the fluid, and D is the diameter of the pipe/tube

98
Q

Poiseuille’s Law (flow rate Q)

A

Q = πr4ΔP / 8ηL

Q is the flow rate, r is the radius of the tube, ΔP is the pressure gradient, η is the viscocity of the fluid and L is the length of the pipe

99
Q

Dipole Moment

100
Q

Magnetic Field of a Straight Wire

A

B = μ0I / 2πr

101
Q

Magnetic Field of a Loop Wire

A

B = μ0I / 2r

102
Q

Magnetic Force on a moving point charge

A

FB = qvBsinθ

103
Q

Μagnetic Force on a current-carrying wire

A

FB = ILBsinθ

104
Q

Voltage and Cell emf

A

V = Ecell - irint

where rint is internal resistance

105
Q

Electric field in a capacitor

106
Q

Capacitance with a dielectric material

A

C’ = κC

107
Q

Kirchoff’s Junction Rule

A

At any point or junction in a circuit, the sum of currents directed into that point equals the sum of currents directed away from that point

Iinto junction = Ileaving junction

108
Q

Kirchoff’s Loop Rule

A

Around any closed circuit loop, the sum of voltage sources will always be equal to the sum of voltage drops (potential drops)

Vsource = Vdrop

109
Q

Change in Sound Level

A

βf = βi + 10log If/Ii

110
Q

Focal Length of multiple lens system

A

1/f = 1/f1 + 1/f2 + 1/f3 + …

111
Q

Magnification of multiple lens system

A

m = m1 x m2 x m3…

112
Q

Electron Capture

A

Opposite of beta-negative decay- lies in reactants

113
Q

Mass defect and energy

114
Q

logA1 =

115
Q

log AB =

116
Q

logA A =

MCAT Physics & Math (2 decks)

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