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PHYS3008: Health Physics > Equations > Flashcards

Equations Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the equation for the speed of light in a vacuum?

A

c = speed of light
f = frequency
λ = wavelength

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2
Q

What is the equation for the energy of a photon?

A

E = energy
h = Planck’s constant
f = frequency
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength

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3
Q

What is the equation for the kinetic energy of an electron?

A

E = kinetic energy
mₑ = mass of the electron
v = velocity

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4
Q

What is the equation for the force on a charged particle in an electric field?

A

F = force
q = charge of particle
E = electric field (= potential difference/separation)

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5
Q

What is the equation for the work done on a charged particle?

A

W = work done
q = charge of particle
V = potential difference

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6
Q

What is the energy-mass equivalence equation?

A

E = energy
m = mass
c = speed of light

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7
Q

What is the equation for the relativistic kinetic energy of a particle?

A

E = kinetic energy
mₒ = rest mass of the electron
c = speed of light
v = velocity

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8
Q

What is the equation for the energy of the photon that is emitted when an electron moves between energy levels in an atom?

A

E = energy
h = Planck’s constant
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength
R = Rydberg’s constant = 1.0974 x 10⁷ m⁻¹
n₁, n₂ = energy levels

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9
Q

What is the equation for the energy of an emitted photoelectron in the photoelectric effect?

A

E = kinetic energy
h = Planck’s constant
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength
Φ = work function = ionisation potential

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10
Q

What is the equation for the total weight of the constituent parts of an atom?

A

W = total weight
Z = atomic number
A = number of nucleons (protons + neutrons)
mₑ = electron mass
mₚ = proton mass
mₙ = neutron mass

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11
Q

What is the equation for binding energy?

A

BE = binding energy
W = total weight
M = actual mass

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12
Q

What is the equation for binding energy per nucleon?

A

E = binding energy per nucleon
W = total weight
M = actual mass
A = number of nucleons

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13
Q

What is the equation for the energy of the scattered gamma photon in Compton scatter?

A

E’ = final energy
E’ = initial energy
mₑ = electron mass
c = speed of light
θ = scatter angle

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14
Q

What is the equation for the energy of the scattered (recoil) electron in Compton scatter?

A

E’ₑ = final electron energy
Eᵧ = initial gamma energy
E’ᵧ = final gamma energy
mₑ = electron mass
c = speed of light
θ = scatter angle

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15
Q

What is the equation for the total kinetic energy of pair production?

A

KE = Eᵧ - 2 * 511keV

KE = total kinetic energy of positron and electron
Eᵧ = energy of gamma photon

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16
Q

What is the differential equation for Beer’s law?

A

I(x) = intensity
x = distance
µ(x) = linear attenuation coefficient

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17
Q

What is the equation for Beer’s law?

A

I(x) = intensity
x = distance
I₀ = initial intensity
µ(x) = linear attenuation coefficient

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18
Q

What is the equation for the mass attenuation coefficient?

A

C = mass attenuation coefficient
µ = linear attenuation coefficient
ρ = material density

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19
Q

What is the equation for the range of an alpha particle in air at STP?

A

R = range in air
E = particle energy (MeV)

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20
Q

What is the equation for the range of an alpha particle in a material at STP?

A

Rₐᵢᵣ = range in air
ρₐᵢᵣ = density of air
Aₘ = atomic mass of material
Rₘ = range in material
ρₘ = density of material
Aₐᵢᵣ = atomic mass of air

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21
Q

What is the equation for the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution?

A

E = energy (in J)
k_B = Boltzmann constant
T = temperature

22
Q

What is the equation for the intensity of a beam of neutrons in terms of the nuclear cross-section?

A

I(x) = intensity
I₀ = initial intensity
µ(x) = linear attenuation coefficient
x = distance
σ = nuclear cross section
N = atomic density

23
Q

What is the equation for relative risk?

A

RR = relative risk
p = probability

24
Q

What is the equation for absolute risk increase?

A

ARI = absolute risk increase
p = probability

25
Q

What is the equation for relative risk increase (RRI)?

A

RRI = relative risk increase
p = probability

26
Q

What is the equation for the number needed to harm (NNH)?

A

NNH = number needed to harm
ARI = absolute risk increase

27
Q

What is the equation for the relative risk of success?

A

RR = relative risk
p = probability

28
Q

What is the equation for absolute risk reduction?

A

ARR = absolute risk reduction
p = probability

29
Q

What is the equation for relative risk reduction?

A

RRR = relative risk reduction
p = probability

30
Q

What is the equation for the number needed to treat?

A

NNT = number needed to treat
ARR = absolute risk reduction

31
Q

What is the equation for standard deviation?

A

s = standard deviation
N = number of measurements made
x = measurement
x̄ = mean measurement

32
Q

What is the equation for the standard error of the mean (SEM)?

A

SEM = standard error of the mean
s = standard deviation
N = number of measurements made

33
Q

What is the equation for the student t-test?

A

t = statistic value
x̄ = mean measurement
SE = standard error of the difference in the means
s = standard deviation
N = number of measurements made

34
Q

What is the equation for the degrees of freedom for an unpaired t-test?

A

DF = degrees of freedom
N = number of measurements made

35
Q

What is the equation for the degrees of freedom of a paired student t-test?

A

DF = sample size - 1

36
Q

What is the equation for the chi-squared test?

A

χ² = statistic value
O = observed value
E = expected value

37
Q

What is the equation for the degrees of freedom for the chi-squared test?

A

DF = degrees of freedom
N = sample size

38
Q

What is the equation for change in charge (in terms of capacitance)?

A

∆Q = change in charge
C = capacitance
∆V = change in voltage

39
Q

What is the equation for equivalent dose?

A

H = equivalent dose
D = dose
Wᵣ = radiation weighting factor

40
Q

What is the equation for effective dose in multiple organs?

A

E = effective dose
Wₜ = tissue weighting factor
H = equivalent dose
D = dose
Wᵣ = radiation weighting factor

41
Q

What is the equation for the differential form of Gauss’ law?

A

E = electric field
ρ = charge density
ε = permittivity of free space

42
Q

What is the equation for the differential form of Gauss’ law for magnetism?

A

B = magnetic field

43
Q

What is the Maxwell-Faraday equation for the differential form of Faraday’s law of induction?

A

E = electric field
B = magnetic field
t = time

44
Q

What is the equation for the differential form of Ampere’s circuital law?

A

B = magnetic field
µ = permeability
ε = permittivity of free space
E = electric field
t = time

45
Q

What is the equation for current density?

A

J = current density
σ = conductivity
E = electric field

46
Q

What is the wave equation in a conductive medium?

A
47
Q

What is the equation for specific absorption rate (SAR)?

A

SAR = specific absorption rate
σ = conductivity
E = electric field
ρ = charge density

48
Q

What is the equation for radiation penetration depth (sometimes called skin depth)?

A

δ = penetration depth
σ = conductivity
µ = permeability
f = frequency

49
Q

What is the equation for the specific absorption rate (SAR) using experimental measurements?

A

SAR = specific absorption rate
c = specific heat capacity
T = temperature rise
∆t = time for increase

50
Q

What is the equation for the force on an object in a homogeneous magnetic field?

A

F = force
χ = magnetic susceptibility
τ = object volume
B = magnetic field
µ = permeability

51
Q

What is the equation for the SAR of ultrasound?

A

Q = heat energy
ρ = density
α = linear attenuation coefficient
I = intensity

PHYS3008: Health Physics (19 decks)

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