Equations Flashcards by Hannah Emery

Q

What is the equation for the speed of light in a vacuum?

A

c = speed of light
f = frequency
λ = wavelength

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Q

What is the equation for the energy of a photon?

A

E = energy
h = Planck’s constant
f = frequency
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength

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Q

What is the equation for the kinetic energy of an electron?

A

E = kinetic energy
mₑ = mass of the electron
v = velocity

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Q

What is the equation for the force on a charged particle in an electric field?

A

F = force
q = charge of particle
E = electric field (= potential difference/separation)

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Q

What is the equation for the work done on a charged particle?

A

W = work done
q = charge of particle
V = potential difference

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Q

What is the energy-mass equivalence equation?

A

E = energy
m = mass
c = speed of light

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Q

What is the equation for the relativistic kinetic energy of a particle?

A

E = kinetic energy
mₒ = rest mass of the electron
c = speed of light
v = velocity

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Q

What is the equation for the energy of the photon that is emitted when an electron moves between energy levels in an atom?

A

E = energy
h = Planck’s constant
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength
R = Rydberg’s constant = 1.0974 x 10⁷ m⁻¹
n₁, n₂ = energy levels

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Q

What is the equation for the energy of an emitted photoelectron in the photoelectric effect?

A

E = kinetic energy
h = Planck’s constant
c = speed of light
λ = wavelength
Φ = work function = ionisation potential

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Q

What is the equation for the total weight of the constituent parts of an atom?

A

W = total weight
Z = atomic number
A = number of nucleons (protons + neutrons)
mₑ = electron mass
mₚ = proton mass
mₙ = neutron mass

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Q

What is the equation for binding energy?

A

BE = binding energy
W = total weight
M = actual mass

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Q

What is the equation for binding energy per nucleon?

A

E = binding energy per nucleon
W = total weight
M = actual mass
A = number of nucleons

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Q

What is the equation for the energy of the scattered gamma photon in Compton scatter?

A

E’ = final energy
E’ = initial energy
mₑ = electron mass
c = speed of light
θ = scatter angle

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Q

What is the equation for the energy of the scattered (recoil) electron in Compton scatter?

A

E’ₑ = final electron energy
Eᵧ = initial gamma energy
E’ᵧ = final gamma energy
mₑ = electron mass
c = speed of light
θ = scatter angle

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Q

What is the equation for the total kinetic energy of pair production?

A

KE = Eᵧ - 2 * 511keV

KE = total kinetic energy of positron and electron
Eᵧ = energy of gamma photon

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Q

What is the differential equation for Beer’s law?

A

I(x) = intensity
x = distance
µ(x) = linear attenuation coefficient

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Q

What is the equation for Beer’s law?

A

I(x) = intensity
x = distance
I₀ = initial intensity
µ(x) = linear attenuation coefficient

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Q

What is the equation for the mass attenuation coefficient?

A

C = mass attenuation coefficient
µ = linear attenuation coefficient
ρ = material density

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Q

What is the equation for the range of an alpha particle in air at STP?

A

R = range in air
E = particle energy (MeV)

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Q

What is the equation for the range of an alpha particle in a material at STP?

A

Rₐᵢᵣ = range in air
ρₐᵢᵣ = density of air
Aₘ = atomic mass of material
Rₘ = range in material
ρₘ = density of material
Aₐᵢᵣ = atomic mass of air

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Q

What is the equation for the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution?

A

E = energy (in J)
k_B = Boltzmann constant
T = temperature

Q

What is the equation for the intensity of a beam of neutrons in terms of the nuclear cross-section?

A

I(x) = intensity
I₀ = initial intensity
µ(x) = linear attenuation coefficient
x = distance
σ = nuclear cross section
N = atomic density

Q

What is the equation for relative risk?

A

RR = relative risk
p = probability

Q

What is the equation for absolute risk increase?

A

ARI = absolute risk increase
p = probability

What is the equation for relative risk increase (RRI)?

RRI = relative risk increase p = probability

What is the equation for the number needed to harm (NNH)?

NNH = number needed to harm ARI = absolute risk increase

What is the equation for the relative risk of success?

RR = relative risk p = probability

What is the equation for absolute risk reduction?

ARR = absolute risk reduction p = probability

What is the equation for relative risk reduction?

RRR = relative risk reduction p = probability

What is the equation for the number needed to treat?

NNT = number needed to treat ARR = absolute risk reduction

What is the equation for standard deviation?

s = standard deviation N = number of measurements made x = measurement x̄ = mean measurement

What is the equation for the standard error of the mean (SEM)?

SEM = standard error of the mean s = standard deviation N = number of measurements made

What is the equation for the student t-test?

t = statistic value x̄ = mean measurement SE = standard error of the difference in the means s = standard deviation N = number of measurements made

What is the equation for the degrees of freedom for an unpaired t-test?

DF = degrees of freedom N = number of measurements made

What is the equation for the degrees of freedom of a paired student t-test?

DF = sample size - 1

What is the equation for the chi-squared test?

χ² = statistic value O = observed value E = expected value

What is the equation for the degrees of freedom for the chi-squared test?

DF = degrees of freedom N = sample size

What is the equation for change in charge (in terms of capacitance)?

∆Q = change in charge C = capacitance ∆V = change in voltage

What is the equation for equivalent dose?

H = equivalent dose D = dose Wᵣ = radiation weighting factor

What is the equation for effective dose in multiple organs?

E = effective dose Wₜ = tissue weighting factor H = equivalent dose D = dose Wᵣ = radiation weighting factor

What is the equation for the differential form of Gauss' law?

E = electric field ρ = charge density ε = permittivity of free space

What is the equation for the differential form of Gauss' law for magnetism?

B = magnetic field

What is the Maxwell-Faraday equation for the differential form of Faraday's law of induction?

E = electric field B = magnetic field t = time

What is the equation for the differential form of Ampere's circuital law?

B = magnetic field µ = permeability ε = permittivity of free space E = electric field t = time

What is the equation for current density?

J = current density σ = conductivity E = electric field

What is the wave equation in a conductive medium?

What is the equation for specific absorption rate (SAR)?

SAR = specific absorption rate σ = conductivity E = electric field ρ = charge density

What is the equation for radiation penetration depth (sometimes called skin depth)?

δ = penetration depth σ = conductivity µ = permeability f = frequency

What is the equation for the specific absorption rate (SAR) using experimental measurements?

SAR = specific absorption rate c = specific heat capacity T = temperature rise ∆t = time for increase

What is the equation for the force on an object in a homogeneous magnetic field?

F = force χ = magnetic susceptibility τ = object volume B = magnetic field µ = permeability

What is the equation for the SAR of ultrasound?

Q = heat energy ρ = density α = linear attenuation coefficient I = intensity