EQ4: Why Is There A Variety Of River Landscapes In The Uk And What Are The Processes That Shape Them?

Question 1

Does the channel width increase or decrease downstream?

Answer 1

Increase

Question 2

Does the velocity increase or decrease downstream?

Answer 2

Increase

Question 3

Does the channel bed roughness increase or decrease downstream?

Answer 3

Decrease

Question 4

Does river discharge increase or decrease downstream?

Answer 4

Increase

Question 5

Does the sediment load volume increase or decrease downstream?

Answer 5

Increase

Question 6

Does the slope angle (gradient) increase or decrease downstream?

Answer 6

Decrease

Question 7

What is the definition of vertical erosion?

Answer 7

The gravity of the river and the low discharge means the river erodes downwards through hydraulic action and abrasion.

Question 8

Does the sediment particle size increase or decrease downstream?

Answer 8

Decrease

Question 9

What is the definition of hydraulic action?

Answer 9

The sheer physical force of water eroding the banks and bed

Question 10

What is the definition of abrasion?

Answer 10

The load of the water eroding the river banks

Question 11

Does the channel depth increase or decrease downstream?

Answer 11

Increase

Question 12

The river erodes on the (outside/inside) of the bend where the current flows stronger and faster.

Answer 12

Outside

Question 13

What is the definition of discharge?

Answer 13

It is the volume of water flowing in a river at one particular point and time.

Question 14

What is discharge measured in?

Answer 14

It is measured in cubic meters per second (cumecs)

Question 15

What is the definition of peak rainfall?

Answer 15

When the heaviest rainfall occured

Question 16

What is the definition of peak discharge?

Answer 16

The time when the highest river discharge occurred.

Question 17

What is the definition of lag time?

Answer 17

The time taken between the peak rainfall and peak discharge

Question 18

What is the definition of the rising limb?

Answer 18

The river level is rising

Question 19

What is the definition of the falling limb?

Answer 19

The river level is falling

Question 20

What is the definition of a flashy hydrograph?

Answer 20

A hydrograph that responds quickly to rain, with a high peak and a short lag time

Question 21

How does deforestation affect flooding?

Answer 21

1) less interception
2) soil becomes saturated quicker
3) little infiltration
4) more surface run-off
5) discharge increases

Question 22

How does steep relief have an affect on flooding?

Answer 22

Where there are steep slopes, surface run-off will be greatest and less chance of infiltration due to gravity

Question 23

How does urbanisation have an affect on flooding?

Answer 23

In urban areas there is less infiltration as a result of the impermeable rock surfaces

Question 24

How does impermeable rock cause flooding?

Answer 24

Impermeable rock does not allow water to move through it.