EQ4 Flashcards
What are the economic costs of coastal recession and flooding?
Loss of property (homes and businesses), transport lines and also farmland (livelihood)
What are the social costs of coastal recession and flooding?
Relocation and community disruption and also impacts of health and wellbeing (stress)
Environmental costs of coastal recession and flooding?
Loss of coastal habitats and ecosystems
What are environmental refugees?
People forced to abandon their homes due to natural processes e.g. maldives due to sea level rise - coastal erosion, rising sea levels, volcanoes etc
4 examples of sea defences?
Sea walls
Rock armour
groynes
reventments
2 advantages of hard engineering?
Greater protection to those at risk
Can be a one-off action that protects for decades
4 disadvantages of hard engineering?
High construction and maintenance costs
Not visually attractive - may reduce tourism
Affects environment and coastal ecosystems
Defences in one location can have adverse effects further down the coast
What is cliff stabilisation?
planting vegetation through a tough, flexible membrane that holds soil and often rock in place
What is dune stabilisation?
By planting marram grass and by constructing relatively cheap dune fencing e.g Morfa Buchen
3 types of soft engineering?
Beach nourishment
Cliff stabilisation
Dune stabilisation
3 key concepts that the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) recognises and considers?
The entire coastal zone needs to be managed not just one eroding section
The importance of the coastal zone to people’s livelihoods and well-being
The need to make management of the coast sustainable
3 things that the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) must do when planning management?
Plan for the long term
Involve all stakeholders
Try to work with natural processes
4 different types of coastal management options?
Advance the line
Managed retreat
Hold the line
Do nothing
4 factors that the choice of which coastal management depends on?
Economic value of assets that might be protected
The environmental sensitivity
Pressure from locals, developer, environmental groups
How difficult it is to use different defences
2 examples of investigations that should take place when deciding what coastal management option to use?
Cost-benefit analysis
Environmental impact assessments
